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2. Plant Physiology

The chapter explores plant physiology, highlighting key processes such as the absorption of water and minerals, ascending sap, transpiration, photosynthesis, chemical coordination through hormones, and tropic movements. It delves into the mechanisms driving these processes and their significance in plant growth and development.

Sections

Plant Physiology

This section explores how plants absorb water and minerals through their roots, the process of transpiration, photosynthesis, chemical coordination, and the movements in response to stimuli.

2 Section Overview

Start current section content and materials

2.1 Absorption of Water and Minerals by Roots

Plants primarily absorb water and minerals from soil through their roots using mechanisms such as imbibition, diffusion, and osmosis.

2.2 Ascent of Sap

The ascent of sap involves the upward movement of water and minerals from the roots through the xylem to the leaves, driven by several physical forces.

2.3 Transpiration – Process and Significance

Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from plants, primarily through stomata, essential for water absorption, cooling, and nutrient transport.

2.4 Photosynthesis – Process and Importance

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, crucial for their growth and the energy needs of living organisms.

2.5 Chemical Coordination in Plants

Plants rely on chemical signals, known as plant hormones, for regulating their growth and responses to environmental stimuli.

2.6 Tropic Movements in Plants

Tropic movements are directional growth responses of plants to external stimuli, including light, gravity, touch, and water.

2.7 Forces Responsible for Ascent of Sap

The ascent of sap in plants is driven by various interconnected forces including transpiration pull, cohesion, adhesion, and capillary action.

Learning Objectives

  • Plants absorb water and minerals through roots using various mechanisms such as osmosis and diffusion.

  • Transpiration plays a crucial role in water movement and temperature regulation in plants.

  • Photosynthesis is essential for energy production in plants and contributes to the Earth's oxygen supply.

Key Concepts

Imbibition

The initial absorption of water by dry tissues, leading to the swelling of cells.

Transpiration Pull

The negative pressure created by evaporation of water from leaves, pulling more water up from roots through the xylem.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, crucial for growth and metabolic processes.

Plant Hormones

Chemical signals like auxins and gibberellins that regulate growth and responses to environmental stimuli in plants.

Tropic Movements

Directional growth responses of plants to external stimuli such as light (phototropism) or gravity (gravitropism).

Practice Exercises

Total Questions

4

Estimated Time

8 min

Passing Score

70%

Instructions

  • Read each question carefully
  • You can use hints if you need help
  • Complete all questions before submitting