Directions
In this section, we focus on the critical role that directions play in the interpretation of topographical maps. Maps are oriented with north pointing to the top, which is a standardized convention. Understanding this orientation is fundamental for navigation and spatial awareness. The section details how compass directions—north, south, east, and west—are employed in conjunction to the map’s north line, to help users accurately identify routes, locate landmarks, and relate distance and direction between various geographical features. Mastery of these concepts is essential for effective map reading and geographic analysis.