3. Laws of Motion
The chapter outlines the fundamental Laws of Motion established by Sir Isaac Newton, which describe the relationship between motion and the forces acting upon objects. Key concepts include the distinction between balanced and unbalanced forces, Newton's three laws, the role of friction, and the differences between mass and weight. Furthermore, the chapter discusses the implications of these laws in real-world applications, demonstrating their relevance in everyday scenarios.
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What we have learnt
- Motion is the change in position of a body over time.
- Forces can alter the speed, direction, and shape of objects.
- Balanced forces do not change the motion of objects, whereas unbalanced forces do.
- Inertia causes an object to maintain its state of motion unless acted upon by an external force.
- Newton's laws describe the relationship between the forces exerted on an object and its resulting motion.
- Friction opposes motion and has both advantages and disadvantages.
- Momentum is conserved in isolated systems, remaining constant before and after interactions.
Key Concepts
- -- Force
- A push or pull acting on a body that can change its speed, direction, or shape.
- -- Inertia
- The tendency of a body to resist changes in its state of motion.
- -- Newton's First Law
- A body remains at rest or continues in uniform motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced external force.
- -- Newton's Second Law
- The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the applied force.
- -- Newton's Third Law
- For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
- -- Friction
- A force that opposes the motion of an object.
- -- Mass and Weight
- Mass is the amount of matter in an object, whereas weight is the force with which gravity attracts that mass.
- -- Momentum
- The quantity of motion possessed by an object, calculated as mass times velocity.
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