10. Oscillations and Waves
Oscillation is a repetitive motion around a mean position, while a wave is a disturbance transferring energy without material transfer. The chapter discusses various aspects of oscillations and waves, distinguishing periodic and oscillatory motion, describing wave types and properties, and highlighting sound waves and their applications in everyday life. It also explores real-world applications of oscillations and waves, such as in pendulum clocks and musical instruments.
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Sections
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What we have learnt
- Oscillation is defined as a repetitive motion around a central position.
- Waves can travel through different media and are classified as transverse or longitudinal based on particle movement.
- Key properties of waves include wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, all of which are crucial in understanding wave behavior.
Key Concepts
- -- Oscillation
- A repetitive motion about a mean position.
- -- Wave
- A disturbance that transfers energy through a medium without transferring matter.
- -- Periodic Motion
- Motion that repeats after regular intervals.
- -- Amplitude
- The maximum displacement from the mean position.
- -- Frequency
- The number of oscillations per second, expressed in Hertz (Hz).
- -- Restoring Force
- The force that brings a system back to its equilibrium position.
- -- Wavelength
- The distance between two consecutive crests or compressions in a wave.
- -- Wave Speed
- The speed at which a wave travels through a medium, calculated by the formula v = f × λ.
- -- Sound Waves
- Longitudinal waves that require a medium to propagate.
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