2. Methods of Psychology
The chapter explores the various methods utilized in psychology to understand human behavior and mental processes scientifically. It highlights the importance of the scientific method, different types of research methods, validity and reliability, and ethical considerations in conducting psychological research. Emphasizing rigorous methodologies, the chapter details how these approaches contribute to the advancement of psychological knowledge and treatment.
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What we have learnt
- Methods of psychology are critical for analyzing behavior and ensuring findings' reliability.
- The scientific method provides a structured approach to conduct research and minimize bias.
- Different research methods, including experimental, observational, survey, case study, and correlational methods, each have unique strengths and weaknesses in data gathering and analysis.
Key Concepts
- -- Scientific Method
- A systematic process used to investigate phenomena, acquire new knowledge, or correct previous knowledge through steps such as observation, hypothesis formulation, experimentation, data collection, and conclusion.
- -- Experimental Method
- A research method that involves manipulating independent variables to examine their effects on dependent variables, thus helping to establish cause-and-effect relationships.
- -- Observational Method
- A research technique that involves observing and recording behavior in natural settings without interference, valuable for ethical or practical constraints.
- -- Validity
- The degree to which a research method accurately measures what it intends to measure, important for the credibility of research findings.
- -- Reliability
- The consistency and stability of research results, indicating that similar outcomes are obtained under the same conditions in repeated studies.
- -- Ethical Principles
- Guidelines ensuring that psychological research is conducted responsibly, protecting participants' rights and well-being, including informed consent and confidentiality.
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