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Definition of Personality
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Today, we'll explore the concept of personality. It refers to the unique patterns of behavior and thought that define individual differences among us. For instance, Gordon Allport defined it as a dynamic organization of psychophysical systems determining behavior.
What does 'dynamic organization' mean exactly?
Great question! It implies that personality is not static; it consists of various systems within us that interact and evolve. Remember, personality is like a beautifully woven tapestryβa mix of inherited traits and life experiences.
And what about Freud's view? He had a different take on it, right?
Yes! Freud believed that personality arises from the conflict between our biological instincts and societal expectations. Can you think of situations that illustrate this conflict?
Like when we want to act on our impulses but have to follow rules?
Exactly! That tension shapes how we behave and think.
What does the APA say about personality?
The APA defines personality as enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving, highlighting stability over time. Letβs remember the acronym ***EPA***: Enduring patterns, Thinking, Feeling, and Behaving! It helps summarize the APA's definition.
To sum up, personality is a complex interplay of traits that makes each of us unique, shaped by both our inherited characteristics and the context of our lives.
Characteristics of Personality
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Letβs delve into the characteristics of personality. First, it is unique and individualistic. What do you think that means?
Everyone has their own special traits, right?
Absolutely! Next, personality traits are relatively stable over time. Do you think that means our personalities change a lot?
Not really, they stay mostly the same?
Correct! This is why we often see consistent behaviors in individuals through different life stages. Third, personality is organized and structured.
So, all the traits fit together in some way?
Exactly! They form a cohesive whole. Even though personality can be dynamic, meaning it's influenced by experiences and can evolve, it retains a certain core. Remember the memory aid *U.S.O.D.*: Unique, Stable, Organized, Dynamic.
What about heredity and environment? How do they influence personality?
Great observation! Our personality is influenced by genetic factors and the environment we grow up in. Can anyone name some environmental factors?
Family and culture!
Correct! In conclusion, the characteristics of personality collectively highlight our individuality while underscoring the stability and organization of our traits.
Factors Influencing Personality Development
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Let's talk about the factors influencing personality development. The first is heredity, which refers to genetic traits. Can someone give examples of traits that might be inherited?
Things like temperament and maybe even how we react to stress?
Exactly! Our genes can set certain predispositions. The second factor is our environment, including family and culture. How do you think culture affects personality?
It shapes our values and beliefs, right?
Yes! Culture molds the way we perceive ourselves and interact with others. Lastly, we have situational factors. Can you think of an example of a situation that might impact behavior?
Maybe if someone is stressed at school, they might become more withdrawn?
Absolutely! Though these situations do not define our personality, they can significantly influence how it is expressed. To summarize, personality development is a mix of genetics, environmental influences, and situational contexts.
Introduction & Overview
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Quick Overview
Standard
Personality refers to the consistent and unique traits and behavioral patterns of individuals. It is influenced by both hereditary and environmental factors, and various theories, such as Freud's psychoanalytic theory and the Big Five model, seek to explain its formation and assessment.
Detailed
Meaning and Definition of Personality
Personality is derived from the Latin word persona, meaning the mask worn by actors, evolving to signify the unique combination of behavioral traits, emotional responses, thought patterns, and social interactions defining an individual.
Key definitions include:
- Gordon Allport: Defines personality as a dynamic organization of psychophysical systems determining characteristic behavior and thought.
- Sigmund Freud: Describes personality as the interplay of biological instincts and societal expectations.
- American Psychological Association (APA): Defines it as enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
Key Characteristics
- Unique and Individualistic: Every person's personality is distinct.
- Relatively Stable: Personality traits usually remain consistent throughout life.
- Organized and Structured: Personality traits coalesce into a cohesive structure.
- Dynamic: Although stable, personality can evolve gradually.
- Influenced by Heredity and Environment: Thereβs a blend of genetic predispositions and life experiences.
Factors Influencing Development
- Heredity: Genetic traits impacting temperament and behavior.
- Environment: Influences from family, culture, and social interactions shape personality.
- Situational Factors: Specific events can influence behavioral expression but do not define personality.
The chapter builds a foundational understanding of personality's complexities and implications, touching upon various theoretical frameworks for personality assessment.
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Origin of the Term 'Personality'
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The term 'personality' originates from the Latin word persona, meaning a mask used by actors in Roman theatre. Over time, the term evolved to denote the unique patterns of behavior and thought that define a person.
Detailed Explanation
The word 'personality' comes from the Latin word 'persona', which referred to the masks that actors wore in ancient Roman plays. These masks represented different characters. Similarly, in psychology, 'personality' refers to the unique combination of traits, behaviors, and thoughts that exemplify an individual. This connection emphasizes how our personalities can hide or reveal different aspects of ourselves, much like an actor's mask.
Examples & Analogies
Think of a time when you've acted differently in various situationsβmaybe you're serious at work but more playful with friends. Just like an actor might wear a different mask for each role, we each showcase different aspects of our personalities depending on our environment.
Definitions of Personality
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β’ According to Gordon Allport, personality is 'the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behavior and thought.' β’ Sigmund Freud described personality as the result of the interplay between biological instincts and societal expectations. β’ The American Psychological Association (APA) defines personality as enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
Detailed Explanation
Different psychologists have defined personality in various ways. Gordon Allport viewed personality as an internal system that influences how we think and behave dynamically. Freud saw it more as a conflict between our innate urges and society's pressures. The APA's definition emphasizes that personality involves consistent ways of thinking, feeling, and acting, which remain stable over time. These definitions highlight personality as a complex interplay of internal traits and external influences.
Examples & Analogies
Consider a person who is generally cheerful and optimisticβthey consistently show these traits in their interactions (APA's definition). If this person also struggles with balancing their instinctive desires for immediate gratification (Freud's view) with the need to conform to group expectations, it shows how personality can be shaped by deeper internal conflicts (Allport's perspective).
Definitions & Key Concepts
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Key Concepts
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Dynamic Organization: The interplay of various systems that create behavior.
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Heredity and Environment: Both play pivotal roles in personality development.
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Characteristics of Personality: Unique, stable, organized, and dynamic traits.
Examples & Real-Life Applications
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Examples
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A person may inherit a predispositional characteristic like introversion from their parents, which affects their social behavior.
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Cultural upbringing can foster certain traits; for instance, collectivist cultures may emphasize communal values over individualism.
Memory Aids
Use mnemonics, acronyms, or visual cues to help remember key information more easily.
π΅ Rhymes Time
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From heredity to environment too, our traits make us different, it's what we do!
π Fascinating Stories
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Once upon a time, two friends with the same parents grew up in different cultures, shaping their outlook and personalities in unique ways.
π§ Other Memory Gems
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Use HERS for factors: Heredity, Environment, and Reactive Situations that shape personality.
π― Super Acronyms
Use U.S.O.D. to remember
- Unique
- Stable
- Organized
- Dynamic as the characteristics of personality.
Flash Cards
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Glossary of Terms
Review the Definitions for terms.
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Term: Personality
Definition:
The unique patterns of behavior and thought that define an individual.
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Term: Heredity
Definition:
Genetic traits inherited from parents that influence personality.
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Term: Environment
Definition:
External factors such as family, culture, and social interactions that shape personality.
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Term: Dynamic
Definition:
The ability of personality traits to evolve over time.
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Term: Stable
Definition:
Consistency of personality traits over time.