This lesson dives deep into the eight Parts of Speech, exploring their roles and interactions within sentences. We'll also tackle the critical concept of Subject-Verb Agreement and conduct a thorough review of Tenses, with a special focus on their advanced usage.

We'll examine the different categories of nouns: common (e.g., city, dog), proper (e.g., Mumbai, Rover), collective (e.g., team, flock), abstract (e.g., freedom, happiness), and concrete (e.g., table, cloud). The focus will be on their functions as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, and complements. We'll address common challenges like irregular plural forms (e.g., ox/oxen, datum/data) and the correct formation of possessives for both singular and plural nouns (e.g., student's book, students' books).

This section covers a comprehensive range of pronoun types: personal (e.g., I, me, he, him, they, them), possessive (e.g., mine, yours, hers), reflexive (e.g., myself, ourselves), demonstrative (e.g., this, that, these, those), interrogative (e.g., who, whom, whose, which, what), relative (e.g., who, whom, whose, which, that), and indefinite (e.g., everyone, nobody, something).

We'll explore how adjectives modify nouns and pronouns, providing more information about their qualities. This includes descriptive adjectives (e.g., beautiful, tall), demonstrative adjectives (e.g., this, those), interrogative adjectives (e.g., which, what), and indefinite adjectives (e.g., many, few).

This section differentiates between action verbs (e.g., run, think), linking verbs (e.g., is, seems, feels), and helping/auxiliary verbs (e.g., have, might, will). We'll understand the distinction between transitive verbs (requiring a direct object, e.g., She read the book) and intransitive verbs (not requiring a direct object, e.g., He slept soundly).

We'll learn how adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs, answering questions like "how?", "when?", "where?", "to what extent?", and "why?". This includes adverbs of manner (e.g., slowly), place (e.g., here), time (e.g., now), frequency (e.g., often), and degree (e.g., very).

This section focuses on recognizing common prepositions (e.g., in, on, at, by, with, from) and understanding how they introduce prepositional phrases (e.g., in the garden, under the table). These phrases function as adjectives or adverbs, showing relationships of time, place, direction, or manner.

We'll differentiate between coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so), which connect words, phrases, or independent clauses of equal grammatical rank; subordinating conjunctions (e.g., because, although, while, if, when), which introduce dependent clauses; and correlative conjunctions (e.g., either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also), which work in pairs to connect grammatically equal elements.

These are words or phrases that express strong emotion or surprise (e.g., Ouch!, Wow!, Oh dear!). We'll learn how they function outside the grammatical structure of a sentence and how they are correctly punctuated.

The fundamental principle remains: a singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes a plural verb. We'll tackle common pitfalls such as collective nouns (e.g., family, team, committee): singular when acting as a unit, plural when members act individually.

We'll systematically review all twelve standard verb tenses (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous for Present, Past, and Future). Special emphasis will be placed on the perfect tenses.