1.5. Classification of Survey

Surveys can be further classified into several categories depending on the purpose, instruments, techniques used, etc. These classifications are shown in Table 1.1.

Surveys are important in the field of surveying as they can be classified based on various criteria. This classification helps in understanding the type of survey required for a specific task. For instance, surveys may be classified based on their purpose (like establishing boundaries or creating topographic maps), the instruments used (such as GPS or levels), or the techniques applied (like triangulation or traversing). This organized approach helps surveyors choose the right method and tools for their work.

Think of choosing a vehicle for a journey. If you're going to the grocery store around the corner, you might take a bicycle. But for a long road trip, you'd prefer a car. Similarly, the classification of surveys helps surveyors select the appropriate approach based on the job's requirements.

Earlier, measurements of distances and directions were mainly used to prepare maps of the area, and surveys were classified based upon the instruments used. Chains, tapes, levels, magnetic compasses, and theodolites were popularly used, either single or in combination with other equipment. With the advancement in electronics and digital technology, many modern instruments are now available for data collection and mapping, which are capable to collect the data alone, and no other instrument is generally required, for example Total station, Laser scanners and GPS.

This chunk explains the types of surveys based on the instruments used. Traditionally, instruments like chains and tapes were the primary tools used for measuring distances. However, with technology advancing, modern tools such as Total Stations, which integrate several functionalities into one device, have become prominent. This means that surveyors can now conduct their measurements more efficiently and accurately using fewer tools.

Imagine doing homework in a classroom with just a pencil and paper, compared to a computer with software that can do calculations and format graphs for you. The modern tools in surveying streamline the process, making it easier and more precise, just like using a computer can save time and enhance accuracy when studying.

These are carried out to establish a network of horizontal and vertical controls that serve as a reference framework for completing the survey work with desired accuracy.

Surveys can also be classified based on their purpose. For instance, control surveys are focused on establishing reference points necessary for accurate measurements in future projects. This classification is crucial because it helps define the objective of the survey - whether it is being conducted for topographic mapping, establishing property lines, performing hydrographic surveys, or for construction purposes.

Think of a control survey like finding the cornerstones of a new building. Just as builders need fixed reference points to ensure the structure is built correctly, surveyors need their control points to make sure all their measurements in a project are accurate.

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