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Interactive Audio Lesson
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Introduction to Survey Classifications
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Today, we will discuss the classification of surveys and why it's vital in surveying practices. Can anyone give me a reason why classifying surveys is beneficial?
It helps us know which instruments to choose based on what we need to measure.
Exactly! When we know the classification according to instruments, we can select tools that suit the task at hand. Let's dive a little deeper into these classifications.
What are the main categories of classification again?
Surveys can be categorized by four main aspects: instruments, place, methods, and purpose. For example, using chains and tapes is a traditional method, while modern technology includes GPS and Laser Scanners. Can anyone think of a specific situation where these tools would differ in application?
I think we would use GPS and drones for a large land survey while a chain might be used in smaller, more manageable areas.
Correct! Now, let’s summarize: classifying surveys helps us select the right tools based on the scale and purpose.
Types of Survey Based on Instruments
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Now, let’s talk about surveys categorized by instruments. What are some instruments used in surveying, and how do they work?
Chains are used to measure distance directly, right?
That's right! Chains are historical tools, mainly used for linear distances. Tapes are commonly used now because they're easier to handle. What about theodolites?
Theodolites measure angles, both horizontal and vertical!
Great! Each instrument has a specific role that aids the surveyor in reaching accurate measurements. Remember, when you think of 'T' for Theodolite, think of 'Triangulation'. Let's wrap up this session.
Survey Classifications by Purpose
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Next, we’ll discuss classifications based on purpose. Can anyone name some types of surveys based on their goals?
Control surveys help to establish reference points, right?
Yes! Control surveys are fundamental for accuracy. What about topographic surveys?
Topographic surveys show natural and man-made features on a map.
Exactly! And these various types allow surveyors to tailor their methods for specific projects. It's important to remember that precision comes from clear objectives. Now, let’s summarize.
Introduction & Overview
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Quick Overview
Standard
The classification of surveys highlights how different types of surveys can be categorized based on instruments, locations, methodologies, and objectives. This framework aids in understanding the diverse applications of surveying in various fields.
Detailed
Detailed Summary
The classification of survey is an essential aspect of surveying as it helps in organizing various survey types based on specific criteria. Surveys can be classified according to the instruments used, location of the survey, the method of surveying, and the purpose behind conducting the survey. This section categorizes surveys into several groups:
- By Instruments: This classification includes surveys based on the tools utilized in the field, such as chains, tapes, levels, theodolites, and other modern equipment like total stations and laser scanners. Each instrument serves specific purposes, from measuring linear distances to capturing complex terrains.
- By Place: Surveys can also be categorized by location, such as land surveys (which include a range of methods to measure boundaries, topography and land features) and underground surveys (used in mining and civil applications).
- By Methods: The methodologies employed for surveying can further categorize surveys as plain surveying (accounting for flat terrains) vs. geodetic surveying (taking into consideration the curvature of the Earth).
- By Purpose: The intent behind conducting a survey can classify it into control surveys (establishing reference points), topographic surveys (identifying natural and man-made features), boundary and cadastral surveys (defining property lines), hydrographic surveys (studying bodies of water), alignment surveys (planning linear projects such as roads), construction surveys, and mining surveys.
By understanding these classifications, surveyors can select appropriate techniques and instruments tailored to the specific needs of their projects, ensuring quality and precision in their work.
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Overview of Survey Classification
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Surveys can be further classified into several categories depending on the purpose, instruments, techniques used, etc. These classifications are shown in Table 1.1.
Detailed Explanation
Surveys are important in the field of surveying as they can be classified based on various criteria. This classification helps in understanding the type of survey required for a specific task. For instance, surveys may be classified based on their purpose (like establishing boundaries or creating topographic maps), the instruments used (such as GPS or levels), or the techniques applied (like triangulation or traversing). This organized approach helps surveyors choose the right method and tools for their work.
Examples & Analogies
Think of choosing a vehicle for a journey. If you're going to the grocery store around the corner, you might take a bicycle. But for a long road trip, you'd prefer a car. Similarly, the classification of surveys helps surveyors select the appropriate approach based on the job's requirements.
Types of Survey Based on Instruments
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Earlier, measurements of distances and directions were mainly used to prepare maps of the area, and surveys were classified based upon the instruments used. Chains, tapes, levels, magnetic compasses, and theodolites were popularly used, either single or in combination with other equipment. With the advancement in electronics and digital technology, many modern instruments are now available for data collection and mapping, which are capable to collect the data alone, and no other instrument is generally required, for example Total station, Laser scanners and GPS.
Detailed Explanation
This chunk explains the types of surveys based on the instruments used. Traditionally, instruments like chains and tapes were the primary tools used for measuring distances. However, with technology advancing, modern tools such as Total Stations, which integrate several functionalities into one device, have become prominent. This means that surveyors can now conduct their measurements more efficiently and accurately using fewer tools.
Examples & Analogies
Imagine doing homework in a classroom with just a pencil and paper, compared to a computer with software that can do calculations and format graphs for you. The modern tools in surveying streamline the process, making it easier and more precise, just like using a computer can save time and enhance accuracy when studying.
Types of Survey Based on Purpose
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These are carried out to establish a network of horizontal and vertical controls that serve as a reference framework for completing the survey work with desired accuracy.
Detailed Explanation
Surveys can also be classified based on their purpose. For instance, control surveys are focused on establishing reference points necessary for accurate measurements in future projects. This classification is crucial because it helps define the objective of the survey - whether it is being conducted for topographic mapping, establishing property lines, performing hydrographic surveys, or for construction purposes.
Examples & Analogies
Think of a control survey like finding the cornerstones of a new building. Just as builders need fixed reference points to ensure the structure is built correctly, surveyors need their control points to make sure all their measurements in a project are accurate.
Definitions & Key Concepts
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Key Concepts
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Classification of Surveys: Groups surveys based on instruments, location, methods, and purpose.
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Instruments Used in Surveys: Chains, tapes, levels, theodolites, and advance technology like GPS and laser scanners.
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Purpose of Surveys: Different goals such as control, topographic, cadastral, and alignment surveys.
Examples & Real-Life Applications
See how the concepts apply in real-world scenarios to understand their practical implications.
Examples
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In a topographic survey, natural features like rivers and hills are mapped to assist in planning during infrastructure development.
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A control survey established reference points using theodolites and GPS, providing data for accurate construction projects.
Memory Aids
Use mnemonics, acronyms, or visual cues to help remember key information more easily.
🎵 Rhymes Time
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To survey flat land, we use a chain, in hills and valleys, GPS is gain.
📖 Fascinating Stories
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Imagine a civil engineer named Alex, who always fought to survey accurately. One day, he ventured with his trusty theodolite and chains, highlighting how various tools help create precise maps.
🧠 Other Memory Gems
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Remember ‘CAP’ for Survey Types: Cadastral, Alignment, and Purpose-based surveys.
🎯 Super Acronyms
SIMP - Surveys
- Instruments
- Methods
- Places.
Flash Cards
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Glossary of Terms
Review the Definitions for terms.
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Term: Survey Classification
Definition:
The categorization of surveys based on different criteria such as instruments, purposes, and methodologies.
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Term: Control Survey
Definition:
A survey conducted to establish a network of horizontal and vertical controls that provide reference points for further measurements.
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Term: Topographic Survey
Definition:
A type of survey that determines the locations and elevations of natural and man-made features and represents them on a map.
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Term: Geodetic Survey
Definition:
A survey that takes into account the Earth's curvature and is used for larger areas, requiring higher accuracy.
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Term: Cadastral Survey
Definition:
A survey used to define property boundaries and land ownerships.