5. Latent Variable & Mixture Models - Advance Machine Learning
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5. Latent Variable & Mixture Models

5. Latent Variable & Mixture Models

Latent variable models serve as essential tools in machine learning for uncovering hidden patterns in observable data, particularly through mixture models and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs). The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is instrumental in estimating parameters in the presence of latent variables. While these models are powerful for tasks like clustering and density estimation, they require careful consideration of their parameters and limitations.

27 sections

Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

  1. 5
    Latent Variable & Mixture Models

    This section explores latent variables, mixture models, and the...

  2. 5.1
    Latent Variables: Concepts And Motivation

    Latent variables are unobservable variables inferred from observable data,...

  3. 5.1.1
    What Are Latent Variables?

    Latent variables are unobserved factors that help explain patterns in...

  4. 5.1.2
    Real-Life Examples

    This section presents real-life applications of latent variables,...

  5. 5.1.3
    Why Use Latent Variables?

    Latent variables are unobserved factors that can effectively model hidden...

  6. 5.2
    Generative Models With Latent Variables

    Generative models with latent variables define how data is produced using...

  7. 5.2.1
    Marginal Likelihood

    Marginal likelihood refers to the probability distribution of observed data,...

  8. 5.2.2

    The challenge of computing marginal likelihoods in latent variable models...

  9. 5.3
    Mixture Models: Introduction And Intuition

    Mixture models categorize data from multiple distributions into distinct...

  10. 5.3.1

    A mixture model defines data generation from a combination of multiple...

  11. 5.3.2
    Applications

    This section explores the practical applications of mixture models and...

  12. 5.4
    Gaussian Mixture Models (Gmms)

    Gaussian Mixture Models are probabilistic models that represent data...

  13. 5.4.1
    Gmm Likelihood

    This section discusses the likelihood function in Gaussian Mixture Models...

  14. 5.4.2

    This section discusses the properties of Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs),...

  15. 5.5
    Expectation-Maximization (Em) Algorithm

    The EM algorithm is a powerful statistical method used for maximum...

  16. 5.5.1

    The EM algorithm is a method for maximum likelihood estimation in models...

  17. 5.5.2

    The E-step in the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is crucial for...

  18. 5.5.3

    The M-step of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm focuses on...

  19. 5.5.4

    This section discusses the convergence of the Expectation-Maximization (EM)...

  20. 5.6
    Model Selection: Choosing The Number Of Components

    This section discusses the importance of determining the appropriate number...

  21. 5.6.1

    Model selection is crucial in latent variable models, specifically choosing...

  22. 5.7
    Limitations Of Mixture Models

    This section outlines the key limitations of mixture models, including...

  23. 5.8
    Variants And Extensions

    This section introduces several advanced models related to latent variables,...

  24. 5.8.1
    Mixtures Of Experts

    The Mixtures of Experts model enhances machine learning by combining...

  25. 5.8.2
    Dirichlet Process Mixture Models (Dpmms)

    Dirichlet Process Mixture Models (DPMMs) are a non-parametric Bayesian...

  26. 5.8.3
    Variational Inference For Latent Variables

    Variational inference offers an efficient approximation method for posterior...

  27. 5.9
    Practical Applications

    This section outlines various practical applications of latent variable...

What we have learnt

  • Latent variables help capture hidden patterns in data.
  • Mixture models, particularly Gaussian Mixture Models, are significant for clustering.
  • The EM algorithm facilitates parameter estimation in latent variable models.

Key Concepts

-- Latent Variables
Variables that are not directly observed but inferred from observable data, capturing hidden patterns.
-- Mixture Models
Statistical models assuming data is generated from a combination of several distributions, each representing a cluster.
-- Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs)
A type of mixture model where each component is a Gaussian distribution, useful for soft clustering.
-- ExpectationMaximization (EM) Algorithm
A method for maximum likelihood estimation in the presence of latent variables, consisting of an E-step and M-step.
-- AIC and BIC
Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion are methods for model selection based on likelihood.

Additional Learning Materials

Supplementary resources to enhance your learning experience.