9. Reinforcement Learning and Bandits - Advance Machine Learning
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9. Reinforcement Learning and Bandits

9. Reinforcement Learning and Bandits

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Multi-Armed Bandits (MAB). It introduces fundamental concepts including Markov Decision Processes (MDPs), explores various algorithms such as Dynamic Programming, Monte Carlo methods, and Temporal Difference learning, and highlights the importance of exploration strategies. Applications of RL in diverse fields such as robotics, healthcare, and online recommendations are discussed, alongside contemporary challenges and future directions for research in the domain.

89 sections

Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

  1. 9
    Reinforcement Learning And Bandits

    This section introduces key concepts in Reinforcement Learning (RL) and...

  2. 9.1
    Fundamentals Of Reinforcement Learning

    Reinforcement Learning (RL) teaches agents how to make decisions to maximize...

  3. 9.1.1
    What Is Reinforcement Learning?

    Reinforcement Learning is a subfield of machine learning that focuses on how...

  4. 9.1.2
    Key Components: Agent, Environment, Actions, Rewards

    This section outlines the key components of Reinforcement Learning, focusing...

  5. 9.1.3
    The Learning Problem: Trial And Error

    This section discusses how reinforcement learning utilizes trial and error...

  6. 9.1.4
    Types Of Feedback: Positive And Negative Reinforcement

    This section explains the types of feedback in reinforcement learning,...

  7. 9.1.5
    Comparison With Supervised And Unsupervised Learning

    This section highlights the differences and similarities between...

  8. 9.2
    Markov Decision Processes (Mdps)

    Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) provide a mathematical framework for...

  9. 9.2.1
    Definition Of Mdps

    This section defines Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) and outlines their key...

  10. 9.2.2
    Components: States (S), Actions (A), Transition Probabilities (P), Rewards (R), And Discount Factor (Γ)

    This section discusses the key components of Markov Decision Processes...

  11. 9.2.3
    Bellman Equations

    The Bellman Equations are foundational principles in reinforcement learning...

  12. 9.2.4
    Policy, Value Function, Q-Value

    This section explains the key components of reinforcement learning:...

  13. 9.2.5
    Finite Vs Infinite Horizon

    The section differentiates between finite and infinite horizon in Markov...

  14. 9.3
    Dynamic Programming

    Dynamic Programming (DP) is a method for solving complex problems by...

  15. 9.3.1
    Value Iteration

    Value iteration is an algorithm used for computing optimal policies in...

  16. 9.3.2
    Policy Iteration

    Policy Iteration is a fundamental algorithm in reinforcement learning that...

  17. 9.3.3
    Convergence And Complexity

    This section discusses the convergence properties and complexity aspects of...

  18. 9.3.4
    Limitations Of Dp In Large State Spaces

    Dynamic Programming (DP) faces significant challenges when applied to large...

  19. 9.4
    Monte Carlo Methods

    Monte Carlo methods are used in reinforcement learning to estimate value...

  20. 9.4.1
    First-Visit And Every-Visit Monte Carlo

    This section introduces two important Monte Carlo methods for estimating...

  21. 9.4.2
    Estimating Value Functions From Episodes

    This section discusses how to estimate value functions using episode data in...

  22. 9.4.3
    Monte Carlo Control

    Monte Carlo Control is a key method in reinforcement learning, focusing on...

  23. 9.4.4
    Exploration Strategies: Ε-Greedy, Softmax

    This section explores exploration strategies used in reinforcement learning,...

  24. 9.5
    Temporal Difference (Td) Learning

    Temporal Difference (TD) Learning combines the benefits of Monte Carlo...

  25. 9.5.1
    Td Prediction

    TD Prediction is a powerful method in reinforcement learning that estimates...

  26. 9.5.2
    Td(0) Vs Monte Carlo

    This section contrasts the TD(0) algorithm with Monte Carlo methods in...

  27. 9.5.3
    Sarsa (State-Action-Reward-State-Action)

    SARSA is a reinforcement learning algorithm used to evaluate and improve a...

  28. 9.5.4
    Q-Learning: Off-Policy Learning

    Q-learning is an off-policy learning algorithm that enables agents to learn...

  29. 9.5.5
    Eligibility Traces And Td(Λ)

    This section discusses eligibility traces and the TD(λ) learning algorithm,...

  30. 9.6
    Policy Gradient Methods

    Policy Gradient Methods focus on optimizing the policy directly rather than...

  31. 9.6.1
    Why Value-Based Methods Are Not Enough

    Value-based methods in reinforcement learning face limitations in dealing...

  32. 9.6.2
    Policy-Based Vs. Value-Based Methods

    This section differentiates between policy-based and value-based methods in...

  33. 9.6.3
    Reinforce Algorithm

    The REINFORCE algorithm is a fundamental method in reinforcement learning...

  34. 9.6.4
    Advantage Actor-Critic (A2c)

    The Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C) method combines the benefits of both policy...

  35. 9.6.5
    Proximal Policy Optimization (Ppo)

    Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is an advanced policy gradient method...

  36. 9.6.6
    Trust Region Policy Optimization (Trpo)

    TRPO is a type of policy optimization method in reinforcement learning that...

  37. 9.7
    Deep Reinforcement Learning

    This section explores deep reinforcement learning (DRL), which integrates...

  38. 9.7.1
    Role Of Neural Networks In Rl

    Neural networks play a crucial role in enhancing the capabilities of...

  39. 9.7.2
    Deep Q-Networks (Dqn)

    Deep Q-Networks (DQN) utilize neural networks to approximate Q-values in...

  40. 9.7.2.1
    Experience Replay

    Experience replay is a crucial concept in deep reinforcement learning that...

  41. 9.7.2.2
    Target Networks

    Target networks are critical components in stabilizing deep reinforcement...

  42. 9.7.3
    Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (Ddpg)

    The Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) is an algorithm in deep...

  43. 9.7.4
    Twin Delayed Ddpg (Td3)

    The Twin Delayed DDPG (TD3) is an enhancement of the DDPG algorithm that...

  44. 9.7.5
    Soft Actor-Critic (Sac)

    The Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) is an advanced reinforcement learning algorithm...

  45. 9.7.6
    Challenges: Stability, Exploration, Sample Efficiency

    This section discusses the critical challenges in deep reinforcement...

  46. 9.8
    Exploration Vs Exploitation Trade-Off

    The exploration vs exploitation trade-off is a fundamental concept in...

  47. 9.8.1
    What Is Exploration?

    Exploration is a fundamental concept in reinforcement learning, focusing on...

  48. 9.8.2
    What Is Exploitation?

    Exploitation in reinforcement learning refers to leveraging known actions...

  49. 9.8.3

    This section discusses various strategies for balancing exploration and...

  50. 9.8.3.1

    The ε-greedy strategy is a fundamental exploration method used in bandit...

  51. 9.8.3.2

    The softmax function is a key strategy in reinforcement learning for...

  52. 9.8.3.3
    Upper Confidence Bound (Ucb)

    The Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) is a strategic method used in multi-armed...

  53. 9.8.3.4
    Thompson Sampling

    Thompson Sampling is an effective exploration strategy in Multi-Armed Bandit...

  54. 9.9
    Multi-Armed Bandits

    This section introduces the Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) problem, emphasizing...

  55. 9.9.1
    The Bandit Problem: K Arms, Unknown Rewards

    This section introduces the Multi-Armed Bandit problem, a core concept in...

  56. 9.9.2
    Types Of Bandits

    This section covers the various types of bandits in the context of...

  57. 9.9.2.1
    Stochastic Bandits

    This section focuses on stochastic bandit problems, which involve making...

  58. 9.9.2.2
    Contextual Bandits

    Contextual Bandits are a type of bandit problem that incorporates contextual...

  59. 9.9.2.3
    Adversarial Bandits

    This section dives into adversarial bandits, highlighting their...

  60. 9.9.3
    Exploration Strategies

    This section discusses exploration strategies essential for effectively...

  61. 9.9.3.1

    The ε-greedy algorithm balances exploration and exploitation in Multi-Armed...

  62. 9.9.3.2

    This section discusses the Upper Confidence Bound (UCB) method as an...

  63. 9.9.3.3
    Thompson Sampling

    Thompson Sampling is an efficient exploration strategy used in Multi-Armed...

  64. 9.9.4
    Regret Analysis

    Regret analysis in multi-armed bandits examines the difference between...

  65. 9.9.5
    Applications In Adtech, Recommender Systems

    This section discusses the applications of Multi-Armed Bandits (MAB) in...

  66. 9.10
    Contextual Bandits

    Contextual Bandits extend the multi-armed bandit problem by incorporating...

  67. 9.10.1
    Introduction And Motivation

    This section provides an overview of Contextual Bandits, highlighting their...

  68. 9.10.2
    How They Differ From Rl And Mab

    This section discusses how contextual bandits differ from traditional...

  69. 9.10.3

    The algorithms section introduces various methods for tackling contextual...

  70. 9.10.3.1

    LinUCB is an algorithm designed for solving contextual bandit problems,...

  71. 9.10.3.2
    Contextual Thompson Sampling

    Contextual Thompson Sampling is a method used in contextual bandit problems...

  72. 9.10.4
    Online Learning Perspective

    The Online Learning Perspective examines how contextual bandits leverage...

  73. 9.10.5
    Applications In Personalization

    This section discusses how contextual bandits are applied in personalization...

  74. 9.11
    Applications Of Rl And Bandits

    This section explores various real-life applications of Reinforcement...

  75. 9.11.1
    Game Playing (Alphago, Atari Games)

    This section discusses the applications of reinforcement learning in game...

  76. 9.11.2
    Robotics And Control

    This section explores how reinforcement learning is applied in robotics and...

  77. 9.11.3
    Portfolio Optimization

    Portfolio optimization in reinforcement learning focuses on how to best...

  78. 9.11.4
    Industrial Control Systems

    This section discusses the applications of Reinforcement Learning (RL) in...

  79. 9.11.5
    Online Recommendations And Ads

    This section covers the application of reinforcement learning (RL) and...

  80. 9.11.6
    Healthcare (Adaptive Treatments)

    This section explores the application of reinforcement learning in adaptive...

  81. 9.11.7
    Autonomous Vehicles

    Autonomous vehicles utilize reinforcement learning to improve...

  82. 9.12
    Challenges And Future Directions

    This section discusses the key challenges in reinforcement learning and...

  83. 9.12.1
    Sample Efficiency

    Sample Efficiency in Reinforcement Learning emphasizes the importance of...

  84. 9.12.2
    Stability And Convergence

    This section examines the concepts of stability and convergence in...

  85. 9.12.3
    Credit Assignment Problem

    The credit assignment problem in reinforcement learning involves determining...

  86. 9.12.4
    Safe Reinforcement Learning

    Safe Reinforcement Learning focuses on ensuring that agents make decisions...

  87. 9.12.5
    Multi-Agent Rl

    Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) addresses the complexities of...

  88. 9.12.6
    Meta-Rl And Transfer Learning

    This section discusses the intersection of Meta-Reinforcement Learning...

  89. 9.12.7
    Integration With Causal Inference

    This section discusses the integration of causal inference with...

What we have learnt

  • Reinforcement learning focuses on how agents maximize cumulative rewards through trial and error.
  • Markov Decision Processes are foundational to understanding RL, involving states, actions, and policies.
  • Multi-Armed Bandits represent simpler RL scenarios with a focus on exploration versus exploitation.

Key Concepts

-- Reinforcement Learning
A type of machine learning where an agent learns to make decisions by taking actions in an environment to maximize cumulative reward.
-- Markov Decision Process (MDP)
A mathematical framework used to describe a decision-making scenario where outcomes are partly random and partly under the control of a decision maker.
-- Exploration vs. Exploitation
The dilemma in RL where an agent must choose between exploring new actions to find potentially better rewards or exploiting known actions that yield high rewards.
-- Temporal Difference Learning
A blend of Monte Carlo methods and Dynamic Programming that learns directly from raw experience without a model of the environment.
-- Deep Reinforcement Learning
Combines deep learning with reinforcement learning principles, allowing agents to scale up to environments with high-dimensional state spaces.

Additional Learning Materials

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