11. Two-Port Network Design - Filter Networks
Filter networks are designed to selectively pass or block signals based on frequency, utilizing key parameters such as cutoff frequency, insertion loss, and roll-off rate. Different filter types like low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, and band-stop are categorized based on their frequency response and implementation. The chapter also covers the design principles for both passive and active filters, advanced filter responses, practical considerations, and filter realizations.
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What we have learnt
- Filters are categorized as low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, or band-stop based on their frequency response.
- Passive filters utilize only R, L, and C components while active filters require additional power and components like op-amps.
- Advanced filters, such as Chebyshev and elliptic filters, offer trade-offs between roll-off steepness and passband ripple.
Key Concepts
- -- Cutoff Frequency (f_c)
- The frequency point at which the filter's response begins to change, marking the transition between passband and stopband.
- -- Insertion Loss
- The amount of signal loss when a signal passes through the filter, ideally less than 3dB in the passband.
- -- Rolloff Rate
- The rate at which the filter attenuates the signal beyond the cutoff frequency, typically measured in dB/decade.
- -- Active Filter
- Filters that use active components such as operational amplifiers to achieve greater performance, including gain and sharper roll-off.
- -- Butterworth Filter
- A type of filter designed to have a maximally flat frequency response in the passband.
- -- Chebyshev Filter
- A filter that allows for a sharper roll-off than a Butterworth filter but introduces ripples in the passband.
- -- Elliptic Filter
- A filter that exhibits ripples in both the passband and stopband, achieving the fastest transition between them.
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