5. CHANGING CULTURAL TRADITIONS
The chapter discusses the cultural transformations in Europe from the fourteenth to seventeenth centuries, highlighting the emergence of a distinct urban culture and the revival of Greek and Roman intellectual traditions through humanism. Key figures like Jacob Burckhardt emphasized the importance of individual capability and decision-making, contrasting modern beliefs with the medieval mindset. The chapter also details how scientific advancements and shifting political landscapes contributed to these cultural shifts, notably through the contributions of artists and thinkers in cities like Florence and Venice.
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What we have learnt
- Towns in Europe became centers of art and learning during the Renaissance.
- Humanism focused on individual potential and revived classical knowledge.
- Cultural and scientific advancements of the Renaissance were shaped by various historical contexts and interactions.
Key Concepts
- -- Humanism
- A Renaissance cultural movement that emphasized the study of classical texts and the potential of human beings to shape their own lives and make independent choices.
- -- Renaissance
- A period marked by a revival of interest in classical antiquity, characterized by advancements in art, science, and literature.
- -- CityStates
- Independent urban centers that operated autonomously, particularly in Italy, playing a crucial role in the economic, political, and cultural landscape of the Renaissance.
- -- Scientific Revolution
- A period of significant advancements in scientific thought and methodology, leading to a new understanding of the natural world based on observation and experimentation.
- -- Protestant Reformation
- A movement that emerged in the sixteenth century, led by figures like Martin Luther, which sought to reform the Catholic Church and emphasized individual faith over institutional religion.
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