Hygiene and Sanitation
The prevention and control of diseases necessitate understanding intrinsic (host-related) and extrinsic (environmental) factors. Intrinsic factors, including age, gender, and biological characteristics, combine with extrinsic factors such as physical surroundings—air quality, water access, and sanitation—to influence health outcomes.
Central to maintaining health are hygiene practices that encompass both personal and environmental sanitation. Poor hygiene can precipitate numerous infections, including worm infestations. Environmental hygiene addresses external matters like water and air quality and the biological contaminants in them.
Access to safe drinking water and proper sanitation, particularly human waste disposal, are pivotal to preventing significant health issues stemming from contaminated water and environmental pollution. Food hygiene is equally crucial, as foodborne illnesses often arise from pathogens present in compromised food or through failure to uphold sanitary food handling methods. Factors contributing to foodborne illnesses include using spoiled ingredients, improper cooking, and inadequate personal hygiene of food handlers. Addressing these issues through effective practices is essential not only for public health but also for enhancing productivity across different lifestyles.