Detailed Summary
The Indian Constitution, while rooted in the principles of liberalism, goes beyond individual rights to include social justice at its core. Unlike classical liberalism, which typically prioritizes individual rights over social issues, the Constitution recognizes the necessity of affirmative action, particularly for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), acknowledging that equal rights alone cannot rectify the deep-seated injustices these groups have historically faced.
This section expounds on the rationale behind provisions for reservations and other measures designed to uplift marginalized communities. It highlights two historical streams of thought that shaped Indian liberalism: one emphasizing individual rights, and the other intertwining social justice with community values within orthodox teachings. The Constitution embodies a unique liberalism that respects diversity and champions minority rights, facilitating equal treatment, particularly in culturally complex nations like India.
The challenge of promoting equality among various communities is explicitly addressed in the Constitution, which goes beyond merely avoiding the recognition of communities as seen in some Western frameworks. The Indian Constitution's eclectic approach acknowledges that community backgrounds significantly shape individual freedoms, thus mandating respect for group rights and facilitating communal harmony. The narrative underscores the importance of empowerment through legislative protections while striving to maintain a delicate balance between individual liberties and collective rights.