Detailed Summary
Overview
The concept of economic planning in India has evolved significantly over the years, moving from centralized planning under the Planning Commission to a more decentralized approach with the formation of NITI Aayog in 2015. This chapter focuses on the importance of planning in economic development and the methods used to address regional imbalances.
NITI Aayog's Role
NITI Aayog was established with the goal of involving states in formulating economic policies and providing strategic advice to both central and state governments, thus facilitating a collaborative approach to development.
Approaches to Planning
There are primarily two approaches to planning:
1. Sectoral Planning: This involves tailoring programs for specific sectors, such as agriculture, manufacturing, and infrastructure.
2. Regional Planning: This addresses the uneven development across different areas, focusing on creating equitable growth through targeted interventions in backward regions.
Target Area and Group Programmes
To tackle regional disparities, the Planning Commission instituted various programmes such as:
- Drought Prone Area Programme: Aimed at the development of drylands and creating sustainable livelihood opportunities.
- Hill Area Development Programme: Focused on eco-balance and resource harnessing in hilly terrains.
These programs highlight the necessity of a spatial perspective in planning, ensuring that resource-rich areas do not lag in development while resource-poor areas are uplifted.
Case Studies
Real-life examples, such as the Integrated Tribal Development Project in Bharmaur and the Indira Gandhi Canal, exemplify the successes and challenges of these planning approaches, emphasizing the need for ecological and social sustainability in development initiatives.