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CBSE 12 History - Themes in Indian History- II explores key historical events, figures, and socio-political developments in India, focusing on ancient, medieval, and modern periods for a comprehensive understanding of Indian history.
The chapter explores the travel accounts of three prominent figures—Al-Biruni, Ibn Battuta, and François Bernier—who documented their observations of the subcontinent during different historical periods. It delves into how these records provide valuable insights into the social customs, beliefs, and experiences of individuals in the past. Additionally, it highlights the perspectives related to culture, economy, and the condition of women, shedding light on both the shared humanity and the complexities of the societies they observed.
The chapter explores the diverse religious landscapes in India, particularly through the lens of Bhakti and Sufi traditions. It highlights the integration of various cults, the emergence of poet-saints, and their challenges to social norms, particularly caste. The discussions on the relationship between rulers and these religious movements unveil the dynamic nature of faith and devotion during this era.
The chapter discusses the Vijayanagara Empire, its history, and significance, particularly focusing on the capital city, Hampi. It highlights the architectural innovations, trade dynamics, and key figures such as Krishnadeva Raya, emphasizing the cultural amalgamation that defined this era. The analysis includes the discovery of Hampi and the role of inscriptions and traveler accounts in reconstructing its history and heritage.
The chapter explores the agrarian society in India during the Mughal period, focusing on the relationships between peasants, zamindars, and the state. It highlights the intricate dynamics of agricultural production, land ownership, and the socio-economic structures that evolved within rural communities. The chapter also examines source materials, particularly the Ain-i Akbari, which provides valuable insights into agrarian practices and socio-political relations of the time.