1. THROUGH THE EYES OF TRAVELLERS PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIETY (C. TENTH TO SEVENTEENTH CENTURY) - CBSE 12 History - 2
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1. THROUGH THE EYES OF TRAVELLERS PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIETY (C. TENTH TO SEVENTEENTH CENTURY)

1. THROUGH THE EYES OF TRAVELLERS PERCEPTIONS OF SOCIETY (C. TENTH TO SEVENTEENTH CENTURY)

The chapter explores the travel accounts of three prominent figures—Al-Biruni, Ibn Battuta, and François Bernier—who documented their observations of the subcontinent during different historical periods. It delves into how these records provide valuable insights into the social customs, beliefs, and experiences of individuals in the past. Additionally, it highlights the perspectives related to culture, economy, and the condition of women, shedding light on both the shared humanity and the complexities of the societies they observed.

21 sections

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  1. 1
    Through The Eyes Of Travellers Perceptions Of Society (C. Tenth To Seventeenth Century)

    This section explores the perspectives of various travellers to the Indian...

  2. 1.1
    Al-Biruni And The Kitab-Ul-Hind

    Al-Biruni aimed to document the social and cultural aspects of Indian life...

  3. 1.1.1
    From Khwarizm To The Punjab

    Al-Biruni, a prominent scholar from Khwarizm, was captured by Sultan Mahmud...

  4. 1.1.2
    The Kitab-Ul-Hind

    The section discusses the travel accounts of various scholars like Al-Biruni...

  5. 1.2
    Ibn Battuta’s Rihla

    Ibn Battuta's accounts in his travelogue, Rihla, provide insights into the...

  6. 1.2.1
    An Early Globe-Trotter

    This section discusses the travels and observations of Ibn Battuta and...

  7. 1.2.2
    The Enjoyment Of Curiosities

    Ibn Battuta's travel writings illustrate the intricate social and cultural...

  8. 1.3
    François Bernier A Doctor With A Difference

    François Bernier was a French doctor and traveler who provided a European...

  9. 1.3.1
    Comparing East And West

    The section explores the diverse perspectives of travelers from different...

  10. 1.4
    Making Sense Of An Alien World Al-Biruni And The Sanskritic Tradition

    This section explores the travel accounts of historical figures like...

  11. 1.4.1
    Overcoming Barriers To Understanding

    Travelers often faced significant barriers in understanding the cultures and...

  12. 1.4.2
    Al-Biruni’s Description Of The Caste System

    Al-Biruni provides an analysis of India's caste system by comparing it to...

  13. 1.5
    Ibn Battuta And The Excitement Of The Unfamiliar

    Ibn Battuta's travels through the subcontinent provide insights into its...

  14. 1.5.1
    The Coconut And The Paan

    This section discusses the perceptions of foreign travelers, particularly...

  15. 1.5.2
    Ibn Battuta And Indian Cities

    Ibn Battuta's accounts reveal the vibrant urban life of Indian cities in the...

  16. 1.5.3
    A Unique System Of Communication

    The section discusses how travelers, particularly Ibn Battuta, observed the...

  17. 1.6
    Bernier And The “degenerate” East

    François Bernier's account critiques the Mughal Empire, contrasting it with...

  18. 1.6.1
    The Question Of Landownership

    Bernier critiques the Mughal landownership system, highlighting its negative...

  19. 1.6.2
    A More Complex Social Reality

    This section discusses the perspectives of various travelers, particularly...

  20. 1.7
    Women Slaves, Sati And Labourers

    This section explores the representation and social conditions of women...

  21. 1.8
    Timeline 1 - Some Travellers Who Left Accounts

    This section discusses the accounts of various male travellers, such as...

What we have learnt

  • Travel accounts enrich our understanding of past societies by providing insights into social life and cultural practices.
  • Different travelers had varied perspectives shaped by their backgrounds and the contexts in which they wrote.
  • Written accounts, though informative, often overlook the complexity of social realities, particularly regarding the lives of ordinary individuals and women.

Key Concepts

-- AlBiruni
An eleventh-century scholar who documented his observations of the Indian subcontinent in his work, Kitab-ul-Hind, addressing topics such as culture, science, and religion.
-- Ibn Battuta
A fourteenth-century Moroccan traveler whose travelogue, Rihla, provides a detailed account of his experiences and observations across the Islamic world, including India.
-- François Bernier
A seventeenth-century French traveler who critically compared the Mughal Empire's conditions with Europe, influencing perceptions of Indian society and governance.

Additional Learning Materials

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