3. Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement Civil Disobedience and Beyond
Mahatma Gandhi's return to India in 1915 marked a significant turning point in the nationalist movement, leading to his engagement in pivotal issues such as the Champaran and Kheda movements. His philosophy of non-cooperation stirred widespread popular involvement, especially among the masses, transforming the Indian National Congress into a movement representative of the broader societal spectrum. The later Salt Satyagraha galvanized national and international attention, establishing Gandhi as a central figure in the quest for Indian independence amid the evolving political landscape marked by communal tensions and socio-economic challenges.
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What we have learnt
- Mahatma Gandhi's early political career in India was shaped by local struggles such as those in Champaran and Kheda.
- The Non-cooperation and Salt movements were pivotal in mobilizing mass participation across various social strata in the fight against colonial rule.
- Gandhi's approach to national issues encompassed not only political independence but also social reform, including the abolition of untouchability and promoting Hindu-Muslim unity.
Key Concepts
- -- Satyagraha
- A form of non-violent resistance or civil disobedience developed by Gandhi to combat injustice.
- -- Noncooperation Movement
- A campaign led by Gandhi which encouraged Indians to withdraw from British institutions and to express their discontent through non-violent means.
- -- Salt March
- A key protest march led by Gandhi in 1930 against the British salt monopoly, pivotal in galvanizing the Indian public against colonial rule.
- -- Khilafat Movement
- A movement aimed at conserving the Ottoman Caliphate, which Gandhi sought to align with the Indian nationalist struggle.
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