During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, many individuals believed in various rumours, and this section analyzes why such beliefs took root. The conceptual background is rooted in historical policies enacted by the British, beginning from the late 1820s, which aimed at modernizing Indian society through Western reforms in education, law, and social customs. These reforms often undermined traditional institutions and customs, leading to fears among Indians about the erosion of their social identity and cultural values. Rumours about the greasing of cartridges with cow and pig fat tapped into these anxieties, triggering a widespread panic among sepoys and the general populace. Additionally, conspiracy theories suggested that the British intended to destroy Hindu and Muslim religions altogether. The combination of these elements led people to view the rumours as resonant with their own fears, thus causing them to respond with drastic actions during the revolt. The section calls for a focus on the psychological and sociocultural factors at play rather than merely assessing the factual accuracy of the rumours themselves.