5. Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion
The chapter explores the various patterns of social inequality and exclusion in Indian society, focusing on institutions such as caste, gender, and disability. It examines how these social structures perpetuate disparities and the lived experiences of marginalized groups, including Dalits, adivasis, women, and the differently abled. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of understanding these inequalities as systematic and socially constructed rather than merely individual circumstances.
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What we have learnt
- Social inequality and exclusion are systemic and structured, affecting groups rather than individuals.
- Discrimination occurs not only due to economic status but also based on gender, religion, and disability.
- The caste system continues to shape the life chances of individuals, contributing to persistent social stratification.
Key Concepts
- -- Social Inequality
- The unequal distribution of resources and opportunities among various social categories in society.
- -- Caste System
- A hierarchical social structure in India that categorizes individuals based on their birth and occupation, often resulting in discrimination and social exclusion.
- -- Social Exclusion
- The process by which certain groups are denied access to full participation in social, economic, and political life.
- -- Untouchability
- An extreme form of social exclusion associated with the lowest castes, where members face severe discrimination and are considered 'impure.'
- -- Prejudice
- Preconceived opinions or attitudes towards individuals based on their group membership, often resistant to change regardless of evidence.
- -- Disability
- Not just a physical or mental impairment but also the societal barriers that hinder disabled individuals from full participation in society.
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