CBSE 12 Indian Society | 5. Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion by Pavan | Learn Smarter
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5. Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion

5. Patterns of Social Inequality and Exclusion

The chapter explores the various patterns of social inequality and exclusion in Indian society, focusing on institutions such as caste, gender, and disability. It examines how these social structures perpetuate disparities and the lived experiences of marginalized groups, including Dalits, adivasis, women, and the differently abled. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of understanding these inequalities as systematic and socially constructed rather than merely individual circumstances.

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Sections

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  1. 5
    Patterns Of Social Inequality And Exclusion

    This section explores how social institutions contribute to patterns of...

  2. 5.1
    What Is Social Inequality And Exclusion?

    Social inequality and exclusion in India manifest through systemic patterns...

  3. 5.1.1
    Social Inequality

    This section discusses social inequality and exclusion in India, exploring...

  4. 5.1.2
    Social Exclusion

    This section discusses social exclusion in India, emphasizing its rootedness...

  5. 5.2
    Caste And Tribe Systems Justifying And Perpetuating Inequality

    This section examines how caste and tribal systems in India create and...

  6. 5.2.1
    The Caste System As A Discriminatory System

    The caste system in India is a historical social hierarchy that enforces...

  7. 5.2.2
    Untouchability

    This section discusses the concept of untouchability as an extreme...

  8. 5.2.3
    State And Non-State Initiatives Addressing Caste And Tribe Discrimination

    This section discusses the various state and non-state initiatives aimed at...

  9. 5.2.4
    The Other Backward Classes

    This section discusses the Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in India, focusing...

  10. 5.2.5
    Adivasi Striggles

    This section discusses the historical and contemporary struggles faced by...

  11. 5.3
    Women’s Struggle For Equality And Rights

    The section highlights the social constructs of gender inequality,...

  12. 5.4
    The Struggles Of The Disabled

    This section discusses the societal constructs around disability,...

What we have learnt

  • Social inequality and exclusion are systemic and structured, affecting groups rather than individuals.
  • Discrimination occurs not only due to economic status but also based on gender, religion, and disability.
  • The caste system continues to shape the life chances of individuals, contributing to persistent social stratification.

Key Concepts

-- Social Inequality
The unequal distribution of resources and opportunities among various social categories in society.
-- Caste System
A hierarchical social structure in India that categorizes individuals based on their birth and occupation, often resulting in discrimination and social exclusion.
-- Social Exclusion
The process by which certain groups are denied access to full participation in social, economic, and political life.
-- Untouchability
An extreme form of social exclusion associated with the lowest castes, where members face severe discrimination and are considered 'impure.'
-- Prejudice
Preconceived opinions or attitudes towards individuals based on their group membership, often resistant to change regardless of evidence.
-- Disability
Not just a physical or mental impairment but also the societal barriers that hinder disabled individuals from full participation in society.

Additional Learning Materials

Supplementary resources to enhance your learning experience.