2. The Demographic Structure of the Indian Society
The chapter explores the dynamics of the demographic structure of Indian society, highlighting the trends and processes associated with population, including birth, death, and migration rates. It discusses major demographic theories, the importance of demographic data for public policy, and the implications of population trends on social, economic, and developmental prospects in India. The chapter also examines factors influencing fertility and mortality rates as well as regional variations in these demographics.
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What we have learnt
- Demography is crucial for understanding population trends and their implications for society.
- The theories of population growth, such as Malthusian theory and demographic transition, provide insights into historical and current demographic changes.
- Demographic data supports effective policy planning for economic development and public health.
Key Concepts
- -- Demography
- The systematic study of populations, including dynamics like birth, death, migration, and the structure of the population.
- -- Malthusian Theory
- The theory proposed by Thomas Malthus suggesting that population grows geometrically while food supply grows arithmetically, leading to inevitable poverty through famine and disease.
- -- Demographic Transition
- A model that describes the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops.
- -- Dependency Ratio
- The ratio of dependents (children and elderly) to the working-age population, indicating the economic burden on those in the workforce.
- -- Sex Ratio
- The number of females per 1000 males in a population, used to indicate gender balance and societal preferences.
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