CBSE 12 Introductory Macroeconomics | 3. Money and Banking by Pavan | Learn Smarter
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3. Money and Banking

3. Money and Banking

Money plays a crucial role as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value in modern economies. It facilitates transactions by overcoming the limitations of barter systems and can be broadly classified into narrow and broad categories. The banking system, guided by the central bank, is essential for creating and managing money supply through deposits and loans, while various monetary policy tools regulate this supply to ensure economic stability.

11 sections

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  1. 3
    Money And Banking

    This section describes the roles, functions, and mechanisms of money and...

  2. 3.1
    Functions Of Money

    Money serves as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, and a store of...

  3. 3.2
    Demand For Money And Supply Of Money

    This section explores the concepts of money demand and supply, emphasizing...

  4. 3.2.1
    Demand For Money

    The demand for money pertains to the desire of individuals to hold money...

  5. 3.2.2
    Supply Of Money

    This section covers the concept of the supply of money in a modern economy,...

  6. 3.3
    Money Creation By Banking System

    This section explains how banking systems create money through deposits and...

  7. 3.3.1
    Balance Sheet Of A Fictional Bank

    This section explains the balance sheet of a fictional bank, illustrating...

  8. 3.3.2
    Limits To Credit Creation And Money Multiplier

    This section discusses how banks create credit and the limits imposed by the...

  9. 3.4
    Policy Tools To Control Money Supply

    This section discusses the various tools used by the Reserve Bank of India...

  10. 3.5
    The Supply Of Money: Various Measures

    This section discusses the various measures of money supply and its...

  11. 3.6
    Box No. 3.2: Demonetisation

    Demonetisation in India involved the withdrawal of Rs 500 and Rs 1000 notes...

What we have learnt

  • Money serves multiple functions including being a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value.
  • Barter systems face significant limitations that money helps to overcome.
  • The central bank and commercial banks work together to manage the money supply within an economy.

Key Concepts

-- Medium of Exchange
An instrument used to facilitate the sale, purchase, or trade of goods between parties.
-- Barter Exchange
A system where goods and services are traded directly for other goods and services without the use of money.
-- Money Multiplier
A ratio that measures the maximum amount of money that can be created by commercial banks for every unit of reserves.
-- Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
The central bank of India that regulates the country's monetary policy and money supply.
-- Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
The percentage of deposits that commercial banks are required to keep as reserves with the central bank.
-- Fiat Money
Currency that has value because a government maintains it and people have faith in its value.

Additional Learning Materials

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