3. Money and Banking
Money plays a crucial role as a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value in modern economies. It facilitates transactions by overcoming the limitations of barter systems and can be broadly classified into narrow and broad categories. The banking system, guided by the central bank, is essential for creating and managing money supply through deposits and loans, while various monetary policy tools regulate this supply to ensure economic stability.
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What we have learnt
- Money serves multiple functions including being a medium of exchange, unit of account, and store of value.
- Barter systems face significant limitations that money helps to overcome.
- The central bank and commercial banks work together to manage the money supply within an economy.
Key Concepts
- -- Medium of Exchange
- An instrument used to facilitate the sale, purchase, or trade of goods between parties.
- -- Barter Exchange
- A system where goods and services are traded directly for other goods and services without the use of money.
- -- Money Multiplier
- A ratio that measures the maximum amount of money that can be created by commercial banks for every unit of reserves.
- -- Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
- The central bank of India that regulates the country's monetary policy and money supply.
- -- Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
- The percentage of deposits that commercial banks are required to keep as reserves with the central bank.
- -- Fiat Money
- Currency that has value because a government maintains it and people have faith in its value.
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