CBSE 12 Introductory Macroeconomics | 6. THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS by Pavan | Learn Smarter
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6. THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

6. THE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

An open economy is defined by its interactions with other countries through trade in goods, financial assets, and labor. Foreign trade significantly influences domestic aggregate demand as it involves both leakages and injections into the economy. The balance of payments includes crucial accounts such as the current account and capital account, which reflect the status of a country’s international transactions. Understanding how exchange rates and economic policies interact is essential for managing an open economy effectively.

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  1. 6
    The Balance Of Payments

    An open economy is characterized by interactions with other countries...

  2. 6.1
    Balance Of Payments Overview

    The balance of payments (BoP) records a country's transactions with the rest...

  3. 6.1.1
    Current Account

    The Current Account records a nation's trade in goods, services, and...

  4. 6.1.2
    Capital Account

    The Capital Account records all international transactions involving assets,...

  5. 6.1.3
    Balance Of Payments Surplus And Deficit

    This section discusses the concepts of balance of payments surplus and...

  6. 6.2
    The Foreign Exchange Market

    The Foreign Exchange Market encompasses the trading of national currencies,...

  7. 6.2.1
    Foreign Exchange Rate

    The Foreign Exchange Rate determines the price of one currency in terms of...

  8. 6.2.2
    Determination Of The Exchange Rate

    This section discusses how exchange rates are determined in different...

  9. 6.2.2.1
    Flexible Exchange Rate

    This section discusses the concept of flexible exchange rates, where the...

  10. 6.2.2.2
    Fixed Exchange Rates

    This section discusses fixed exchange rates and their significance in...

  11. 6.2.2.3
    Merits And Demerits Of Flexible And Fixed Exchange Rate Systems

    This section outlines the strengths and weaknesses of flexible and fixed...

  12. 6.2.2.4
    Managed Floating

    Managed floating exchange rates combine elements of both fixed and flexible...

What we have learnt

  • An open economy engages with others through trade, financial markets, and labor markets.
  • The balance of payments tracks a country's transactions with the world, consisting of current and capital accounts.
  • Exchange rates are influenced by various factors including demand for foreign goods, interest rates, and monetary policy.

Key Concepts

-- Balance of Payments
A record of economic transactions between residents of a country and the rest of the world, consisting of the current account and the capital account.
-- Current Account
The part of the balance of payments that records the trade of goods and services, alongside transfer payments.
-- Exchange Rate
The price of one currency in terms of another, which facilitates international trade and investment.
-- Open Economy Multiplier
The ratio of change in equilibrium income to changes in autonomous expenditure in an open economy, affected by the marginal propensity to import.

Additional Learning Materials

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