Input/Output (I/O) Organization
The module explores the organization of input/output systems in computer architecture, detailing the intricate mechanisms through which computers communicate with external devices. It covers fundamental concepts like I/O control mechanisms, including polling, interrupt-driven I/O, and Direct Memory Access (DMA), alongside their hardware interactions and standardized I/O interfaces to facilitate effective data transfer and communication. Additionally, the information provided aims to give readers a thorough understanding of the I/O subsystem's architecture and functionalities.
Sections
Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.
What we have learnt
- I/O subsystems translate internal digital signals of a computer to meaningful interactions with the external world.
- The CPU's seamless interaction with I/O devices relies on a series of intermediary hardware controllers for data management and signal adaptation.
- Standardized I/O interfaces play a crucial role in ensuring compatibility and interoperability among diverse peripheral devices.
Key Concepts
- -- I/O Subsystem
- The component that allows the computer system to interact with external devices and facilitates input/output operations.
- -- Polling
- A program-controlled I/O method where the CPU continuously checks the status of an I/O device to manage data transfers.
- -- Interrupts
- Signals generated by I/O devices to notify the CPU when they require processing, allowing the CPU to perform other tasks in the meantime.
- -- Direct Memory Access (DMA)
- A method that enables peripherals to transfer data to and from memory without continuous CPU intervention, improving data transfer efficiency.
- -- MemoryMapped I/O
- A technique where I/O device registers are mapped into the same address space as main memory, allowing standard memory access instructions to interact with I/O devices.
- -- I/O Interfaces
- Standardized rules governing the connection and communication of peripheral devices with computers, enhancing interoperability.
Additional Learning Materials
Supplementary resources to enhance your learning experience.