Memory System Organization - Computer Architecture
Students

Academic Programs

AI-powered learning for grades 8-12, aligned with major curricula

Professional

Professional Courses

Industry-relevant training in Business, Technology, and Design

Games

Interactive Games

Fun games to boost memory, math, typing, and English skills

Memory System Organization

Memory System Organization

The chapter delves into the organization and operational principles of computer memory systems, emphasizing the memory hierarchy made up of registers, cache, main memory, and secondary storage. It discusses trade-offs in memory design concerning speed, size, cost, and volatility, as well as advanced memory management techniques including cache memory and virtual memory. The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the roles each memory type plays in optimizing performance and addressing the speed disparity between the CPU and main memory.

29 sections

Sections

Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.

  1. 6
    Memory System Organization

    This section explores the organization and principles of a computer's memory...

  2. 6.1
    Memory Organization And Device Characteristics

    This section discusses the organization of computer memory, highlighting...

  3. 6.1.1
    Cpu Registers

    CPU registers are the fastest and smallest storage locations in a computer's...

  4. 6.1.2
    Cache Memory (Cpu Cache)

    Cache memory serves as a high-speed buffer between the CPU and main memory,...

  5. 6.1.3
    Main Memory (Ram - Random Access Memory)

    Main Memory (RAM) refers to the primary storage in computers, crucial for...

  6. 6.1.4
    Secondary Storage (Mass Storage)

    This section discusses secondary storage or mass storage in computer...

  7. 6.2
    Memory Management

    Memory Management is a crucial function of the operating system that...

  8. 6.2.1
    Memory Management Unit (Mmu)

    The Memory Management Unit (MMU) is a critical hardware component that...

  9. 6.2.2
    Memory Protection

    Memory protection is a critical feature of modern operating systems that...

  10. 6.2.3
    Address Translation

    Address translation is the process by which logical addresses generated by...

  11. 6.2.4
    Segmentation

    Segmentation is a memory management technique that divides a program's...

  12. 6.2.5

    Paging is a memory management technique that eliminates fragmentation by...

  13. 6.2.6

    Swapping is a memory management technique that allows the operating system...

  14. 6.3
    Concept Of Cache Memory

    Cache memory is a fast, intermediate storage layer that helps reduce the...

  15. 6.3.1

    This section discusses the motivation behind the development of cache...

  16. 6.3.2
    Locality Of Reference

    The Principle of Locality of Reference explains how computer programs...

  17. 6.3.3
    Cache Hits And Misses

    Cache hits and misses play a crucial role in the performance of a computer's...

  18. 6.3.4
    Cache Line (Block)

    The cache line is a fundamental unit of data transfer in cache memory that...

  19. 6.3.5
    Cache Mapping Techniques

    This section explores cache mapping techniques, detailing how data is...

  20. 6.3.6
    Cache Coherence

    Cache coherence refers to the mechanisms that maintain consistency of shared...

  21. 6.3.7
    Write Policies

    This section discusses various write policies used in cache memory systems,...

  22. 6.4
    Virtual Memory

    Virtual Memory is a technique that allows programs to use more memory than...

  23. 6.4.1

    This section explains the motivation for understanding the complex...

  24. 6.4.2

    This section details the concept of memory hierarchy, its components, and...

  25. 6.4.3
    Virtual Address Vs. Physical Address

    This section explains the key differences between virtual addresses,...

  26. 6.4.4

    This section explores the fundamental role of page tables in virtual memory...

  27. 6.4.5

    This section explores the concept of page faults in virtual memory systems,...

  28. 6.4.6
    Translation Lookaside Buffer (Tlb)

    The Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) is a crucial hardware component in...

  29. 6.4.7
    Page Replacement Algorithms

    Page replacement algorithms are critical strategies used in virtual memory...

What we have learnt

  • A computer's memory hierarchy consists of different memory types, each with specific features and functions.
  • The performance of a memory hierarchy depends on balancing speed, capacity, cost per bit, and volatility.
  • Cache memory plays a crucial role in bridging the gap between CPU speed and main memory access time.

Key Concepts

-- Memory Hierarchy
A structured arrangement of different types of memory devices organized by speed, capacity, cost, and volatility.
-- Caching
A technique to store copies of frequently accessed data and instructions to improve access speed for the CPU.
-- Virtual Memory
An abstraction that allows programs to use more memory than physically available by managing memory using fixed-size pages stored on secondary storage.
-- Page Replacement Algorithms
Strategies used to decide which memory pages to remove from physical memory to make room for new pages.

Additional Learning Materials

Supplementary resources to enhance your learning experience.