1. Matter in Our Surroundings
Matter exists in various forms and is classified into three states: solid, liquid, and gas, each defined by the arrangement and movement of its particles. Changes in temperature and pressure can convert matter from one state to another through processes like melting, boiling, sublimation, and deposition. The properties of matter, including density and the intermolecular forces, present important characteristics for understanding its behavior in different contexts.
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What we have learnt
- Matter is made up of small particles.
- The matter around us exists in three states—solid, liquid and gas.
- The forces of attraction between the particles are maximum in solids, intermediate in liquids and minimum in gases.
- The states of matter are inter-convertible. Changes in temperature or pressure can alter the state of matter.
- Evaporation causes cooling and is influenced by surface area, temperature, humidity, and wind speed.
Key Concepts
- -- Matter
- Anything that has mass and occupies space, existing in various states: solid, liquid, and gas.
- -- Kinetic Energy
- The energy possessed by particles due to their motion; increases with temperature.
- -- Diffusion
- The process by which particles mix as they move into the spaces between each other.
- -- Latent Heat
- The heat energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature.
- -- Sublimation
- The transition of a substance from a solid state directly to a gaseous state without passing through the liquid state.
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