And then we come to the Ayutthaya which is has been an ancient kingdom as I said to you it also reflects some stories about the Rama the birthplace of Rama and Ayutthaya. But in Thai it has been founded in 1351 by King U Thong who went there to escape a smallpox outbreak in Lop Buri and proclaimed it the capital of his kingdom, and this is often referred as Ayutthaya kingdom or Siam.

So this has become more of the second capital, and this city is located at the junction of Chao Phraya and Lopburi and Pasak rivers, so it is almost a kind of delta kind of thing. So this particular historic city has some religious meanings and the historical understanding to it. And there is a cultural significance and cultural integrity and as a cultural context which actually frames this historical city.

And this has been 17th century it has been destroyed by the Burmese military and then later on it has been converted as a Ayutthaya historical park when it has been recognized as in a school world heritage site, and this is where it has reflected with its outstanding universal value where we talk about OUV.

So this is a group of authors which worked that has been published in natural hazards and Zoran Vojinnovic, and Michael Hammond, Daria Golub, Sianee Hirunsalee, and others you know they have actually published is a very recent document. So first they talk about what is a flood risk assessment you know because that is FRA, we call it as flood risk assessment that is a very basic key tool as a traditional approach in the traditional approach to understand and managing the flood risk.

And if you look at FRA techniques much of the work has been mostly focused on the quantitative aspects or the target based on how much has been impacted or the cause of them. And the cost of damage to the property and the business description and you know either it may be quantified in financial terms. And when it talks about these quantifiable impacts, do not reflect the entire effects of flooding you know that like, for instance, there is not only about the monetary aspects, there is a physical aspect, and there is also to do with the non-monetary aspects of the intangible aspects of it.

So when we say about the hazard assessment of any floods that is where the hydrologist they talk about many hydrological models when it is a 1d model the 2d models and which actually talks about the represent the process by which rainfall is converted into the surface runoff.

And what is the output out of it it takes us a hazard map, and the vulnerability map, and that is how a flood risk map regeneration. But there is also the risk perception, risk acceptance as risk to whom then how do they prepare for it how do they accept it risk behaviour so this is again this whole thing comes from the social and community.