Streams of Indian Philosophy: Orthodox Perspectives
This chapter explores the foundational concepts of Indian philosophy, particularly the schools of Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Purva Mimamsa, and Vedanta. It emphasizes the methodologies for acquiring knowledge, the nature of reality, the dualistic and non-dualistic philosophies, and practical approaches to self-realization and liberation. Each philosophical school contributes a unique perspective to understanding existence, consciousness, and the empirical world.
Sections
Navigate through the learning materials and practice exercises.
What we have learnt
- Nyaya is focused on epistemology and the means of acquiring valid knowledge through Pramanas.
- Vaisheshika classifies reality into categories and emphasizes atomism in understanding the universe.
- Samkhya proposes a dualistic approach between consciousness (Purusha) and nature (Prakriti) for understanding existence.
- Yoga provides practical techniques for self-realization, stressing the importance of controlling the mind and ethical living.
- Purva Mimamsa emphasizes Dharma and Vedic rituals as means to achieve spiritual goals.
- Vedanta explores the ultimate nature of reality and the self, with distinct interpretations in Advaita, Vishishtadvaita, and Dvaita.
Key Concepts
- -- Pramanas
- Valid means of knowledge in Nyaya, including perception, inference, analogy, and testimony.
- -- Atomism
- The theory in Vaisheshika that reality consists of indivisible particles (atoms) that combine to form complex objects.
- -- Purusha
- The conscious principle or self in Samkhya philosophy, representing pure consciousness.
- -- Prakriti
- The material principle or nature that undergoes transformations in Samkhya philosophy.
- -- Chitta Vritti Nirodha
- The cessation of the modifications of the mind-stuff, a key concept in Yoga for achieving self-realization.
- -- Dharma
- The duties and obligations prescribed by the Vedas, as central to the philosophy of Purva Mimamsa.
- -- Advaita
- The non-dualist philosophy that posits the ultimate oneness of Atman and Brahman.
- -- Bhakti
- Devotion to a personal God, central to the paths of liberation in Vishishtadvaita and Dvaita.
Additional Learning Materials
Supplementary resources to enhance your learning experience.