25.1.2. Energy Gradient Lines

Try these first

1. 1.

   What is the hydraulic gradient line in an open channel flow?

   Hint

   Think about how pressure affects fluid at the surface.

2. 2.

   What does energy gradient line include that hydraulic gradient line does not?

   Hint

   Consider any additional factors contributing to energy.

3. 3.

   What does the hydraulic gradient line represent in an open channel flow?

   • Pressure head
   • Elevation of the free surface
   • Velocity head

   Hint

   Think about the physical representation in an open channel.

4. 4.

   True or False: Energy gradient lines include both elevation head and velocity head.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Recall what factors contribute to energy estimates.

5. 5.

   An open channel has a hydraulic gradient of 0.1 m/km. If the flow is 1 m/s, calculate the energy gradient line given the velocity head.

   Hint

   Combine both energy factors, so think about Bernoulli's Equation.

6. 6.

   A pipeline increases its diameter suddenly. Discuss how this would affect the energy conservation and apply Bernoulli's principle to illustrate.

   Hint

   Focus on mass conservation and energy continuity.