25.5. Fluid Flow Analyses

Try these first

1. 1.

   What is a hydraulic gradient line?

   Hint

   Consider it as the water level in a channel.

2. 2.

   What does Bernoulli’s equation relate?

   Hint

   Think about energy conservation in flow.

3. 3.

   What happens to the hydraulic gradient line in an open channel flow?

   • Moves with water level
   • Stays flat
   • Drops suddenly

   Hint

   Think about the water surface.

4. 4.

   In a pipe flow, which instrument measures pressure?

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Identify common pressure measuring tools.

5. 5.

   A cylindrical tank has a small hole at the bottom. Calculate the velocity at which water exits. Use Bernoulli's equation

   Hint

   Consider height and pressure relationships in the formula.

6. 6.

   Design an efficient pump system for a rural area. Describe factors to consider including types, energy losses, and flow rate calculations.

   Hint

   Think of energy efficiency and local needs.