25.4.2. Pressure Difference Calculation

Try these first

1. 1.

   What is a hydraulic gradient line in open channel flow?

   Hint

   Think about the free surface of the liquid.

2. 2.

   How does the pressure head affect fluid flow in pipes?

   Hint

   Consider what happens when a fluid exits a pipe.

3. 3.

   What happens to the hydraulic gradient line in an open channel?

   • It rises above the surface
   • It coincides with the free surface
   • It is always horizontal

   Hint

   Recall the definition from earlier discussions.

4. 4.

   True or False: Turbines increase fluid pressure.

   • True
   • False

   Hint

   Consider the function of turbines.

5. 5.

   A water pipe has a diameter of 100 mm and a flow rate of 50 liters/min. What is the velocity of water in the pipe?

   Hint

   Use the flow rate formula.

6. 6.

   A pump increases water pressure from 50 kPa to 200 kPa. If the flow rate is 0.5 m³/s, what is the power added by the pump?

   Hint

   Convert kPa to Pa before using the power formula.