DNA Structure and Function
DNA serves as the essential genetic blueprint for all living organisms, consisting of a double helix structure formed by nucleotide pairs. The concepts of DNA replication ensure that genetic information is reliably transmitted during cell division, while the central dogma describes the processes of transcription and translation that express genes. Mutations in DNA introduce variability that can drive evolution as well as contribute to diseases.
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Sections
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What we have learnt
- DNA is structured as a double helix consisting of nucleotide pairs (A-T, C-G).
- DNA replication is a semi-conservative process that maintains genetic integrity.
- The flow of genetic information follows the central dogma: DNA → RNA → Protein.
- Mutations can lead to genetic variability and may cause diseases.
Key Concepts
- -- DNA
- A molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms.
- -- Replication
- The process through which DNA makes a copy of itself prior to cell division.
- -- Transcription
- The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
- -- Translation
- The process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mRNA transcript.
- -- Mutation
- Any change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations in traits or diseases.
- -- Gene
- A segment of DNA that encodes a specific protein.
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