Genetic Engineering Basic | DNA Structure and Function by Diljeet Singh | Learn Smarter
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DNA Structure and Function

DNA serves as the essential genetic blueprint for all living organisms, consisting of a double helix structure formed by nucleotide pairs. The concepts of DNA replication ensure that genetic information is reliably transmitted during cell division, while the central dogma describes the processes of transcription and translation that express genes. Mutations in DNA introduce variability that can drive evolution as well as contribute to diseases.

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Sections

  • 1

    What Is Dna?

    DNA is the fundamental molecule that carries genetic instructions for the development and functioning of all living organisms.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.1

    Components

    This section outlines the fundamental components of DNA, including nucleotides and the double helix structure.

    Learning Practice

  • 1.2

    Double Helix Structure

    The double helix structure of DNA is crucial for its function in genetic information storage and transmission.

    Learning Practice

  • 2

    Dna Replication

    DNA replication is the process through which DNA copies itself prior to cell division, ensuring genetic continuity.

    Learning Practice

  • 2.1

    Key Points

    DNA replication is a critical process by which DNA makes copies of itself, ensuring genetic continuity.

    Learning Practice

  • 3

    Central Dogma Of Molecular Biology

    The central dogma of molecular biology describes the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.1

    Transcription (In The Nucleus)

    Transcription is the process where DNA is converted into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus, facilitated by the enzyme RNA polymerase.

    Learning Practice

  • 3.2

    Translation (In The Cytoplasm/ribosome)

    Translation is the process by which mRNA is decoded to synthesize proteins, occurring in the cytoplasm and facilitated by ribosomes and tRNA.

    Learning Practice

  • 4

    Genes And Chromosomes

    This section describes genes as DNA segments coding for proteins and chromosomes as structures containing DNA and proteins.

    Learning Practice

  • 5

    Mutations And Genetic Variability

    Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to genetic variability, influencing evolution and disease.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.1

    Types

    This section covers the fundamental concepts of DNA structure and the types of mutations that can occur within it.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.2

    Causes

    This section covers the various causes of mutations in DNA, including environmental factors and replication errors.

    Learning Practice

References

Chapter 2_ DNA Structure and Function (1).pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • DNA is structured as a doub...
  • DNA replication is a semi-c...
  • The flow of genetic informa...

Final Test

Revision Tests