Hydrology & Water Resources Engineering - Vol 2 | 17. Evaporimeters and Analytical Methods of Evaporation Estimation by Abraham | Learn Smarter
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17. Evaporimeters and Analytical Methods of Evaporation Estimation

Evaporation, crucial in the hydrological cycle, involves water transitioning from liquid to vapor, necessitating accurate estimation methods in engineering. The chapter explores various evaporimeters, analytical methods such as energy budget and mass transfer, and factors affecting evaporation rates. Proper understanding and selection of evaporation estimation is vital for effective water resource management.

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Sections

  • 17

    Evaporimeters And Analytical Methods Of Evaporation Estimation

    This section highlights the significance of evaporation in hydrology and details various methods and instruments used for its estimation.

    Learning Practice

  • 17.1

    Definition And Importance Of Evaporation In Hydrology

    Evaporation is a vital hydrological process where water transforms from liquid to vapor, significantly impacting water resource management.

    Learning Practice

  • 17.2

    Factors Affecting Evaporation

    This section outlines the critical factors influencing the rate of evaporation from water surfaces.

    Learning Practice

  • 17.3

    Evaporimeters (Evaporation Pans)

    Evaporimeters are instruments for measuring evaporation using standardized pans exposed to the atmosphere, with various types tailored to different conditions.

    Learning Practice

  • 17.3.1

    Class A Evaporation Pan

    The Class A Evaporation Pan is a widely used instrument for measuring evaporation, designed to provide accurate estimates under various environmental conditions.

    Learning Practice

  • 17.3.2

    Isi Standard Pan Evaporimeter (India)

    The ISI Standard Pan Evaporimeter, developed by the Indian Meteorological Department, is a rectangular device designed to effectively measure evaporation in Indian climatic conditions.

    Learning Practice

  • 17.3.3

    Floating Pan Evaporimeter

    The Floating Pan Evaporimeter is an instrument designed to accurately measure evaporation from water bodies by floating on their surfaces.

    Learning Practice

  • 17.3.4

    Colorado Sunken Pan

    The Colorado Sunken Pan is an evaporimeter design that minimizes errors associated with wind and temperature differences, making it ideal for long-term hydrological studies.

    Learning Practice

  • 17.4

    Analytical Methods Of Estimating Evaporation

    This section discusses various analytical methods used for estimating evaporation, highlighting different techniques and their applications.

    Learning Practice

  • 17.4.1

    Energy Budget Method

    The Energy Budget Method estimates evaporation based on the energy balance at a water surface.

    Learning Practice

  • 17.4.2

    Mass Transfer (Dalton’s) Method

    The Mass Transfer (Dalton’s) Method estimates evaporation based on vapor pressure deficit and wind speed, providing a practical approach with some sensitivity to measurement errors.

    Learning Practice

  • 17.4.3

    Combination Method (Penman Equation)

    The Combination Method, specifically the Penman Equation, accurately estimates evaporation by integrating energy budget and mass transfer concepts.

    Learning Practice

  • 17.4.4

    Empirical Formulas

    Empirical formulas provide simplified methods for estimating evaporation when meteorological data is limited.

    Learning Practice

  • 17.4.5

    Pan Evaporation Method

    The Pan Evaporation Method estimates evaporation using evaporimeter data and a pan coefficient.

    Learning Practice

  • 17.4.6

    Remote Sensing And Gis Techniques

    Remote sensing and GIS techniques are essential for estimating evaporation and conducting regional-scale water resource assessments.

    Learning Practice

  • 17.4.7

    Lysimeter Technique (For Evapotranspiration)

    The lysimeter technique is a method for measuring evapotranspiration, which includes water loss from soil and plants.

    Learning Practice

  • 17.5

    Selection Criteria For Evaporation Estimation Methods

    This section discusses the criteria for selecting appropriate evaporation estimation methods based on specific study requirements.

    Learning Practice

References

Chapter_17_Evapo.pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Evaporation is defined as t...
  • Various factors affect evap...
  • Several methods exist for e...

Final Test

Revision Tests