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ICSE 10 History and Civics
ICSE Class 10 History and Civics helps students understand how India’s democracy works and how its past shaped the present. With topics like The Union Legislature, The Indian National Movement, it builds knowledge of government and inspires awareness of our national heritage.
Course Chapters
The Union Legislature
The Union Legislature, known as the Indian Parliament, is the supreme law-making authority in India, composed of the President, Lok Sabha, and Rajya Sabha. The chapter covers the composition, powers, functions, and law-making procedures of the Parliament, detailing the qualifications for membership and the distinctions between the two houses. It highlights the importance of the Union Legislature in representing democracy, checking executive power, and enabling public participation in governance.
The Union Executive
The Union Executive is a crucial component of the Indian government, encompassing the roles and responsibilities of the President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, and the Council of Ministers. The President serves as the constitutional head, while the Prime Minister holds real executive power and leads the Council. The chapter outlines their elections, qualifications, powers, functions, and the complex relationships among these key figures, including the President's emergency powers.
The Judiciary
The Judiciary serves as an essential organ of the government, responsible for interpreting laws and protecting the rights of citizens. It features a hierarchical structure starting from the Supreme Court, followed by High Courts and Subordinate Courts. The Supreme Court has the highest authority, dealing with cases of constitutional interpretation, while ensuring judicial independence and the upholding of fundamental rights.
The Indian National Movement (1857–1917)
The chapter outlines the evolution of organized nationalism in India from the Revolt of 1857 to the arrival of Mahatma Gandhi in 1917. It highlights key events and movements that shaped the nationalist struggle, including the causes and significance of the Revolt of 1857, the rise of the Indian National Congress, and various nationalist phases leading to Gandhi's entry. The chapter reflects on the strategies employed by nationalists to achieve independence from British rule.
Mass Phase of the National Movement (1915–1947)
The chapter highlights the transformation of the Indian National Movement into a mass movement led by Mahatma Gandhi, emphasizing key events and movements from 1915 to 1947. It explores various phases, including the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, and Quit India Movement, each marked by significant participation and events. The formation of the Indian National Congress and the impact of World War II are also discussed, culminating in the transfer of power and the partition of India.
The Contemporary World
The chapter covers significant global events and political developments of the 20th century, particularly focusing on the First and Second World Wars, the establishment of the United Nations, and the emergence of the Non-Aligned Movement. It also explores the dynamics of the Cold War, including the rivalry between the USA and USSR, culminating in the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The effects of these events on international relations and the shift towards a unipolar world dominated by the USA are discussed.