4. The Indian National Movement (1857–1917)
The chapter outlines the evolution of organized nationalism in India from the Revolt of 1857 to the arrival of Mahatma Gandhi in 1917. It highlights key events and movements that shaped the nationalist struggle, including the causes and significance of the Revolt of 1857, the rise of the Indian National Congress, and various nationalist phases leading to Gandhi's entry. The chapter reflects on the strategies employed by nationalists to achieve independence from British rule.
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What we have learnt
- The Revolt of 1857 marked the beginning of organized nationalism in India.
- The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 to advocate for Indian rights.
- Various movements evolved from moderate to assertive nationalism, responding to British policies.
Key Concepts
- -- Revolt of 1857
- A significant uprising against British rule in India, stemming from political, economic, and military grievances.
- -- Indian National Congress (INC)
- A political party founded in 1885 aimed at obtaining a greater share in government for educated Indians.
- -- Satyagraha
- A form of non-violent resistance advocated by Mahatma Gandhi, emphasizing truth and non-violence in the struggle for social and political change.
- -- Partition of Bengal
- The administrative decision by Lord Curzon in 1905 to divide Bengal based on religious lines, which fueled nationalist fervor.
- -- Moderate and Extremist Phase
- Different phases of Indian nationalism characterized by the methods employed: Moderates used petitions and dialogue, while Extremists opted for direct action and boycotts.
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