3. The Judiciary - ICSE 10 History and Civics
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3. The Judiciary

3. The Judiciary

The Judiciary serves as an essential organ of the government, responsible for interpreting laws and protecting the rights of citizens. It features a hierarchical structure starting from the Supreme Court, followed by High Courts and Subordinate Courts. The Supreme Court has the highest authority, dealing with cases of constitutional interpretation, while ensuring judicial independence and the upholding of fundamental rights.

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  1. 3
    The Judiciary

    This section discusses the judiciary as an independent government organ that...

  2. 3.1
    Introduction

    The Judiciary is the third independent organ of government, responsible for...

  3. 3.2
    Structure Of The Judiciary

    The structure of the judiciary in India comprises the Supreme Court, High...

  4. 3.2.1
    Supreme Court

    The Supreme Court of India is the apex judicial body, responsible for...

  5. 3.2.2

    High Courts, one for each state or group of states, play a pivotal role in...

  6. 3.2.3
    Subordinate Courts

    Subordinate Courts serve as the civil and criminal courts at a local level...

  7. 3.3
    The Supreme Court

    The Supreme Court is the apex judicial body in India, comprising the Chief...

  8. 3.3.1

    The composition of the Supreme Court includes the Chief Justice of India and...

  9. 3.3.2
    Qualifications

    This section outlines the qualifications required for a judge of the Supreme...

  10. 3.3.3

    The tenure of Supreme Court judges is until the age of 65, and they can be...

  11. 3.4
    Jurisdiction Of The Supreme Court

    This section outlines the various jurisdictions of the Supreme Court,...

  12. 3.4.1
    Original Jurisdiction

    Original jurisdiction grants the Supreme Court the authority to resolve...

  13. 3.4.2
    Appellate Jurisdiction

    The Appellate Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court allows it to hear appeals on...

  14. 3.4.3
    Advisory Jurisdiction

    The Advisory Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court allows the President to seek...

  15. 3.4.4
    Writ Jurisdiction

    Writ jurisdiction allows the Supreme Court to issue writs for the...

  16. 3.5
    Functions Of The Supreme Court

    The Supreme Court functions as the guardian of the Constitution and...

  17. 3.6
    Independence Of The Judiciary

    The independence of the judiciary ensures that judges can make unbiased...

  18. 3.7
    Judicial Review

    Judicial review is the power of the Supreme Court to assess the...

  19. 3.8

    High Courts are the principal courts of the states, overseeing the...

  20. 3.8.1

    This section discusses the composition of High Courts in India, detailing...

  21. 3.8.2
    Jurisdiction

    The jurisdiction of High Courts is similar to that of the Supreme Court but...

  22. 3.8.3

    This section outlines the essential functions of High Courts in India,...

  23. 3.9
    Subordinate Courts

    Subordinate Courts in India are local courts that handle civil and criminal...

What we have learnt

  • The Judiciary is a vital part of governance, enforcing the rule of law.
  • The Supreme Court stands at the apex of the judicial system, with specific powers such as original, appellate, advisory, and writ jurisdiction.
  • Judicial independence is crucial for the functioning of democracy, as it protects judiciary integrity and operates without external pressure.

Key Concepts

-- Supreme Court
The highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India.
-- Judicial Review
The power of the Supreme Court to invalidate laws and actions of the legislature and executive if found unconstitutional.
-- Writ Jurisdiction
The authority of the Supreme Court to issue orders to enforce fundamental rights.
-- Independence of the Judiciary
The judiciary's ability to perform its functions without interference from the executive or the legislature.

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