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ICSE Class 10 Physics
Explore and master the fundamentals of ICSE Class 10 Physics
You've not yet enrolled in this course. Please enroll for free to listen to audio lessons, classroom podcasts and take practice test.Chapter 1
Force
Force is a crucial concept in physics, defined as a push or pull that can alter the state of motion or shape of an object. It can result in acceleration, deceleration, or change of direction. The chapter covers various types of forces, the principle of moments, equilibrium, and mechanical advantages of machines, providing essential knowledge for understanding physical interactions and simple machines.
Chapter 2
Work, Energy and Power
Work, energy, and power are fundamental concepts in physics that interrelate with one another. Work is defined as the energy transfer that occurs when an object is displaced by an applied force, measured in joules. Power is the rate of work done over time, while the work-energy theorem connects the work done on an object to its change in kinetic energy. The principles of conservation of energy dictate that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed, affecting all physical systems.
Chapter 3
Heat
The chapter dives into the fundamental concepts of heat, temperature, and their measurement, emphasizing their physical principles and practical applications. It outlines the different modes of heat transfer, specific heat capacity, and laws of thermodynamics that govern these processes. Lastly, it highlights the significance of heat engines and calorimetry, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of heat's role in various scientific contexts.
Chapter 4
Refraction of Light at Plane Surfaces
Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one transparent medium to another. This concept is crucial for understanding the behavior of light in various applications such as lenses and optical instruments. The chapter explores the laws of refraction, the refractive index, and practical applications through examples and illustrations.
Chapter 5
Refraction Through a Lens
The chapter delves into the properties and functions of convex and concave lenses, explaining how they refract light and form images. It highlights important terms associated with lenses, the concept of magnification, and the lens formula. Practical applications of these lenses in devices such as cameras and spectacles are also discussed.
Chapter 6
Spectrum
The chapter discusses the phenomenon of dispersion and the creation of the spectrum from white light through a prism. It explains the separation of colors based on their wavelengths and how different colors bend at varying angles, leading to a distinct order of colors known as VIBGYOR. Additionally, it describes the recombination of the colors back to white light and highlights Sir Isaac Newton's experiment that demonstrated these principles.
Chapter 7
Sound
Sound is a type of energy caused by vibrations and travels as a longitudinal wave through various media. It has distinct characteristics, including wavelength, frequency, amplitude, time period, and speed, and can be classified into audible, infrasonic, and ultrasonic ranges. The reflection of sound follows similar principles to that of light, with practical applications in areas such as medical imaging and underwater navigation.
Chapter 8
Current Electricity
The chapter covers essential concepts of current electricity, including electric current, potential difference, and resistance. Key laws and formulas such as Ohm’s Law and Joule’s Law are discussed, along with the effects of electric current and the concepts of series and parallel resistor combinations. The chapter also introduces electric power, energy consumption, and circuit symbols used in electrical diagrams.
Chapter 9
Household Circuits
Household circuits involve the electrical wiring systems that distribute electricity within homes. Understanding alternating current (A.C.) and direct current (D.C.), the main components of household circuits, safety measures, and the effects of short circuits and overloads are crucial for safe electricity usage in domestic settings.
Chapter 10
Electro Magnetism
Electromagnetism introduces the magnetic effects of electric current and outlines how various configurations of current-carrying conductors generate magnetic fields. Key principles such as the Right-Hand Thumb Rule and Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule help determine the direction of current and force in magnetic fields. Applications of electromagnetism are pervasive in devices like electric motors, solenoids, and electromagnets.
Chapter 11
Calorimetry
The chapter delves into the concepts of calorimetry, heat, and temperature, emphasizing the laws governing heat transfer and specific heat capacity. It covers the instruments used to measure heat exchanges, such as calorimeters, and discusses phase changes along with the associated latent heats. Additionally, the effects of pressure and impurities on states of matter are explored, along with the practical representation of temperature changes through cooling curves.
Chapter 12
Radioactivity
Radioactivity involves the spontaneous emission of radiation from unstable atomic nuclei, with three primary types of emissions: alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. The chapter also discusses radioactive decay, nuclear reactions such as fission and fusion, and the concept of half-life, which dictates the decay rate of isotopes. Practical applications range from medical treatments and industrial uses to archaeological dating, emphasizing the importance of safety measures when dealing with radioactive materials.