Current Electricity

This section introduces the fundamentals of current electricity, detailing key concepts such as electric current, potential difference, resistance, and Ohm's law.

Electric Current

Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor, primarily due to the motion of free electrons.

Potential Difference (Voltage)

Potential difference, or voltage, is the work done to move a unit charge in an electric field, driving electric current through a conductor.

Electromotive Force (Emf)

Electromotive Force (EMF) is the total energy supplied by a cell per coulomb of charge, indicating the maximum potential difference when no current flows.

Electric Circuit And Direction Of Current

This section explains the concept of an electric circuit and the direction of conventional current flow versus electron flow.

Ohm’s Law

Ohm's Law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across its ends at constant temperature.

Resistance

Resistance is a property of conductors that opposes the flow of electric current, measured in ohms (Ω).

Factors Affecting Resistance

Resistance in a wire is influenced by its length, cross-sectional area, material type, and temperature.

Resistivity (Specific Resistance)

Resistivity is a material property that quantifies how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current.

Series And Parallel Combination Of Resistors

This section explains how resistors can be combined in series and parallel arrangements and how these configurations affect total resistance, current, and voltage.

Series Combination

In a series combination of resistors, they are connected end to end, resulting in a total resistance that is the sum of individual resistances.

Parallel Combination

In a parallel combination of resistors, components are connected across the same two points, resulting in the same voltage across each resistor and a division of current among them.

Heating Effect Of Electric Current

The heating effect of electric current occurs when electrical energy is converted into heat energy due to resistance in a conductor, following Joule's Law.

Electric Power And Energy

Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy is consumed, while electrical energy is calculated as power multiplied by time.

Electric Power

Electric power is the rate of energy consumption in electrical systems, characterized by formulas connecting power, voltage, and current.

Electrical Energy

This section explores the concept of electrical energy, its formula, and its relationship with electric power.

Circuit Symbols

This section introduces the fundamental circuit symbols used to represent components in electrical circuits.