7. Final Accounts and Concept of Trading, Profit and Loss Account, and Balance Sheet (with and without adjustments), Marshalling of Balance Sheet
Final accounts are essential financial statements that determine the profitability and financial position of a business at the end of an accounting period. The Trading Account calculates gross profit, the Profit and Loss Account determines net profit by factoring in indirect incomes and expenses, while the Balance Sheet presents a snapshot of a business's assets and liabilities. Adjustments ensure accuracy in reporting, and the marshalling of the Balance Sheet enhances clarity in presenting financial information.
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What we have learnt
- Final accounts include the Trading Account, Profit and Loss Account, and Balance Sheet.
- Adjustments are necessary for accurately reflecting actual income and expenses.
- Marshalling organizes items in the Balance Sheet for systematic clarity.
Key Concepts
- -- Final Accounts
- Financial statements prepared at the end of an accounting period to assess profitability and financial standing.
- -- Trading Account
- A statement that calculates gross profit or gross loss based on direct income and expenses.
- -- Profit and Loss Account
- A financial statement that determines net profit or net loss by accounting for indirect income and expenses.
- -- Balance Sheet
- A statement showing a business's financial position at a specific date, listing assets and liabilities.
- -- Adjustments
- Entries that align financial statements with actual income and expenses during an accounting period.
- -- Marshalling
- Systematic arrangement of items in the Balance Sheet for clarity and consistency.
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