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Chapter 9: Cold War (1945-1991) – Origin, Course, and Impact
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1
Origins Of The Cold War (1945-1947)
This section discusses the key events and ideological foundations that contributed to the emergence of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union following World War II.
The aftermath of World War II set the stage for the Cold War, where the ideological conflict between the US and the Soviet Union would shape global dynamics.
The Truman Doctrine was a pivotal U.S. policy initiated in 1947 that aimed to contain the spread of communism by providing support to countries resisting it.
The Marshall Plan was a pivotal economic initiative by the United States in 1948 aimed at aiding the recovery of Western European nations after World War II.
The course of the Cold War, spanning from 1947 to 1991, was characterized by ideological conflict and geopolitical tensions between the US and USSR, defining international relations for decades.
The section discusses the formation of military alliances during the Cold War, highlighting NATO and the Warsaw Pact as key responses to ideological conflicts between the US and USSR.
The Berlin Blockade was a critical event during the Cold War when the Soviet Union attempted to cut off allied access to West Berlin, prompting a significant airlift response from Western powers.
The Korean War was a significant conflict between North Korea and South Korea, representing a proxy war during the Cold War due to the involvement of superpowers.
The Cuban Missile Crisis marked a critical juncture in the Cold War, representing a 13-day standoff over the presence of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba.
Détente was a strategic easing of tensions between the US and the USSR from 1969 to 1979, characterized by diplomatic negotiations and arms control agreements.
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 marked a significant event in the Cold War, leading to increased tensions between the US and the USSR as the US supported Afghan resistance fighters.
This section covers the concluding phase of the Cold War, focusing on the reforms initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev and the eventual collapse of the Soviet Union.
The Cold War led to significant political, military, social, and economic changes around the world, creating a divided global landscape and shaping international relations.
The Cold War significantly affected global cultures, leading to sentiments against communism and capitalism, as well as advancements in space exploration.
The economic impact of the Cold War involved intense rivalry between the US and the USSR, influencing global economic structures and fostering competing economic systems.
The section examines the impact of the Cold War on the decolonisation process, highlighting how the US and USSR endeavored to extend their influence in newly independent nations.