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Chapter 1: Towards Independence & Partition: The Last

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  • 1

    Towards Independence & Partition: The Last Phase (1935-1947)

    This section outlines the crucial period from 1935 to 1947 in India's struggle for independence, focusing on key political developments and movements leading to partition.

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  • 1.1

    Introduction

    The introduction outlines the key events and political movements between 1935 and 1947 that led to India's independence and subsequent partition into India and Pakistan.

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  • 1.2

    The Government Of India Act (1935)

    The Government of India Act (1935) represented a significant, albeit limited, step towards self-rule in India, with provisions for provincial autonomy and the introduction of a federal structure.

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  • 1.2.1

    Key Features Of The Act

    The Government of India Act (1935) was a landmark legislation marking a significant, though limited, step towards self-governance in India, incorporating features like provincial autonomy and federalism.

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  • 1.2.2

    Significance

    This section highlights the critical significance of key events in India's struggle for independence between 1935 and 1947.

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  • 1.3

    The Rise Of Political Movements (1935-1940)

    This section discusses the rise of political movements in India from 1935 to 1940, focusing on the Indian National Congress's push for full independence and the Muslim League's demand for Pakistan.

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  • 1.3.1

    Indian National Congress And The Demand For Full Independence

    The Indian National Congress, under the leadership of prominent figures, increasingly pushed for full independence from British rule, culminating in significant movements like the Quit India Movement.

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  • 1.3.2

    The 1937 Elections

    The 1937 elections marked a significant political change in India, with the Indian National Congress gaining a majority in various provinces.

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  • 1.3.3

    Civil Disobedience And Quit India Movement

    This section focuses on the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement, which are pivotal in India's struggle for independence from British colonial rule.

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  • 1.3.4

    The Quit India Movement (1942)

    The Quit India Movement was a significant mass protest demanding an end to British rule in India, initiated in 1942 by the Indian National Congress led by Mahatma Gandhi.

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  • 1.4

    The Muslim League And The Demand For Pakistan

    The Muslim League, under the leadership of Mohammad Ali Jinnah, demanded a separate nation for Muslims, leading to the creation of Pakistan.

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  • 1.4.1

    Jinnah's Leadership

    Jinnah’s leadership of the Muslim League led to a demand for a separate nation for Muslims, culminating in the Lahore Resolution of 1940 and the eventual call for Pakistan.

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  • 1.4.2

    The Lahore Resolution (1940)

    The Lahore Resolution of 1940 marked the formal demand of the Muslim League for a separate nation for Muslims in India, laying the foundation for the creation of Pakistan.

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  • 1.4.3

    Jinnah's Vision For Pakistan

    This section explores Mohammad Ali Jinnah's vision for Pakistan, emphasizing the demand for a separate nation for Muslims as a response to the political landscape of India during the late 1930s and 1940s.

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  • 1.4.4

    The Partition Proposal

    The Partition Proposal discusses the British government's consideration of partitioning India into two separate nations in 1947, in response to rising tensions between Hindus and Muslims.

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  • 1.5

    The Second World War And Its Impact On India (1939-1945)

    The Second World War significantly influenced India's independence movement by amplifying political discontent, leading to widespread unrest and culminating in demands for self-rule.

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  • 1.5.1

    Indian Support For The War Effort

    This section explores India's involvement in World War II and the resulting political dynamics, emphasizing the Indian support for the British war effort amidst growing discontent over colonial rule.

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  • 1.5.2

    The Cripps Mission (1942)

    The Cripps Mission in 1942 aimed to negotiate Indian support for the British in WWII by promising self-government post-war, but was ultimately rejected due to its insufficiency.

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  • 1.5.3

    Famine And Economic Hardships

    This section discusses the impact of World War II on India's economy, focusing on the Bengal famine of 1943 and the ensuing economic hardships.

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  • 1.6

    The Mountbatten Plan And Partition (1947)

    The Mountbatten Plan led to the partition of India in 1947, establishing India and Pakistan amidst political divisions and communal tensions.

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  • 1.6.1

    The Role Of Lord Mountbatten

    Lord Mountbatten played a crucial role as the last British Viceroy of India, overseeing the partition of India and the transition to independence.

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  • 1.6.2

    The Partition Of India

    The Partition of India was a pivotal moment that marked the division of British India into two independent nations, India and Pakistan, primarily along religious lines.

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  • 1.6.3

    The Mass Migration And Violence

    This section explores the significant mass migration and violence that occurred during the partition of India in 1947, highlighting the human impact of the political changes.

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  • 1.6.4

    India’s Independence

    The section discusses India's struggle for independence from 1935 to 1947, focusing on key political movements and events leading to the partition.

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  • 1.7

    Summary

    The period from 1935 to 1947 saw the intensification of India's struggle for independence, resulting in significant political movements and the eventual partition.

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References

12 History ch1.pdf

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