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5. Water

Water is a crucial natural resource, comprising about 71% of the Earth's surface, yet less than 3% is freshwater, of which much is inaccessible. It plays a vital role in ecological balance, agriculture, industry, and climate regulation, influencing weather patterns. The chapter discusses the water cycle, sources of water, pollution issues, conservation methods, and various governmental initiatives aimed at protecting this essential resource.

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Sections

  • 5

    Water

    Water is a critical natural resource essential for life, largely present as saltwater, with only a small portion being freshwater available for use.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.1

    Introduction

    Water is an essential resource that, despite being abundant on Earth, is limited in availability for human use.

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  • 5.2

    Distribution Of Water On Earth

    Water on Earth is predominantly found in oceans, with a small fraction available as freshwater.

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  • 5.3

    Importance Of Water

    Water is essential for sustaining life, supporting agriculture and industry, and maintaining ecological balance.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.4

    Water Cycle (Hydrological Cycle)

    The water cycle is the continuous movement of water between the Earth’s surface and atmosphere, involving processes such as evaporation, condensation, precipitation, collection, and infiltration.

    Learning Practice

  • 5.5

    Sources Of Water

    This section discusses various natural sources of water including surface water, groundwater, and rainwater.

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  • 5.6

    Water Pollution

    Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies by harmful substances.

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  • 5.7

    Effects Of Water Pollution

    Water pollution results in serious health risks, damage to aquatic ecosystems, and contamination of drinking water, leading to significant ecological and human health issues.

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  • 5.8

    Conservation Of Water

    This section highlights essential methods for conserving water to ensure its sustainability for future generations.

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  • 5.9

    Government Initiatives

    This section outlines key government initiatives aimed at water conservation and pollution reduction in India.

    Learning Practice

References

es9-5.pdf

Class Notes

Memorization

What we have learnt

  • Water covers about 71% of t...
  • The water cycle describes t...
  • Water pollution leads to se...

Final Test

Revision Tests

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