Microfabrication and Semiconductor materials

Microfabrication techniques transform semiconductor materials into electronic components such as transistors and diodes, requiring a cleanroom environment and precise process control. The fabrication process involves substrate preparation, thin film deposition, lithography, etching, doping, and metallization, culminating in the creation of devices like MOSFETs. Advanced methods, such as FinFET fabrication and 3D NAND technology, address challenges associated with smaller feature sizes and complexity in integration.