9. Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons consist solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms and are crucial energy sources derived from coal and petroleum. This chapter details the classification of hydrocarbons into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons, each with distinct properties and reactions. It also explores nomenclature, isomerism, and various chemical reactions, including substitution and addition reactions.
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What we have learnt
- Hydrocarbons are classified as saturated (alkanes) or unsaturated (alkenes and alkynes), and cyclic (aromatic).
- Alkanes undergo free radical substitution, combustion, and oxidation, while alkenes and alkynes primarily show addition reactions.
- The structure and stability of benzene result from resonance, explaining its reluctance to undergo typical unsaturation reactions.
Key Concepts
- -- Hydrocarbons
- Compounds composed only of carbon and hydrogen atoms that serve as major sources of energy.
- -- Alkanes
- Saturated hydrocarbons with single carbon-carbon bonds, exemplified by their inertness to many reactions.
- -- Alkenes
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one double bond, characterized by their ability to undergo addition reactions.
- -- Aromatic Hydrocarbons
- Hydrocarbons that contain a benzene ring, known for their stability and unique chemical properties.
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