2. THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE EARTH
The chapter explores the origin and evolution of the Earth, starting from early theories like the Nebular Hypothesis to modern concepts such as the Big Bang Theory. It details the formation of stars, planets, and the development of the Earth’s atmosphere and hydrosphere. Additionally, it discusses the emergence of life on Earth, culminating in the transition from simple organisms to complex forms of life.
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Sections
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What we have learnt
- The Earth originated from a nebula containing hydrogen, helium, and dust.
- The Big Bang Theory describes the universe's expansion from a singular state.
- The Earth has undergone significant changes to evolve from a barren, rocky state to a life-supporting planet.
Key Concepts
- -- Nebular Hypothesis
- A theory proposing that planets formed from a rotating cloud of gas and dust surrounding a young sun.
- -- Big Bang Theory
- A cosmological model explaining the universe's origin through a massive explosion that occurred approximately 13.7 billion years ago.
- -- Differentiation
- The process by which the Earth’s materials settled into layers based on density during its cooling period.
- -- Degassing
- The release of gases from the Earth's interior during its formation, contributing to the initial atmosphere.
- -- Photosynthesis
- The process by which early life forms in the ocean produced oxygen, altering the atmosphere significantly.
Additional Learning Materials
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