12. WATER (OCEANS)
Water is a vital aspect of all life forms on Earth, primarily found in oceans which make up about 71% of the planet's surface. The hydrological cycle demonstrates the continuous movement of water between different states and locations. Various factors influence oceanic features such as temperature and salinity, shaping marine ecosystems.
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What we have learnt
- Water is essential for life and is unevenly distributed across the planet.
- The hydrological cycle involves various processes that continually redistribute water.
- Ocean floors exhibit diverse topography including ridges, trenches, and canyons, influenced by geological processes.
Key Concepts
- -- Hydrological Cycle
- A continuous cycle describing the movement of water in different states, including evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.
- -- Continental Shelf
- The extended margin of a continent, characterized by shallow seas, typically ending at the shelf break.
- -- Thermocline
- A transitional layer in the ocean where temperature decreases rapidly with increasing depth.
- -- Salinity
- The total content of dissolved salts in seawater, expressed in parts per thousand (ppt).
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