CBSE 11 Fundamental of Physical Geography | 12. WATER (OCEANS) by Pavan | Learn Smarter
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12. WATER (OCEANS)

12. WATER (OCEANS)

Water is a vital aspect of all life forms on Earth, primarily found in oceans which make up about 71% of the planet's surface. The hydrological cycle demonstrates the continuous movement of water between different states and locations. Various factors influence oceanic features such as temperature and salinity, shaping marine ecosystems.

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Sections

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  1. 12
    Water (Oceans)

    This section examines the hydrological cycle, ocean relief, temperature...

  2. 12.1
    Hydrological Cycle

    The hydrological cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, in,...

  3. 12.2
    Relief Of The Ocean Floor

    This section discusses the characteristics and divisions of the ocean floor,...

  4. 12.2.1
    Divisions Of The Ocean Floors

    This section introduces the major divisions of the ocean floor, including...

  5. 12.2.1.1
    Continental Shelf

    The continental shelf refers to the extended margins of continents that are...

  6. 12.2.1.2
    Continental Slope

    The Continental Slope connects the continental shelf to the deep ocean...

  7. 12.2.1.3
    Deep Sea Plain

    The Deep Sea Plain is the flattest and most expansive regions of the ocean...

  8. 12.2.1.4
    Oceanic Deeps Or Trenches

    Oceanic deeps, or trenches, are the deepest parts of the oceans, playing...

  9. 12.2.2
    Minor Relief Features

    Minor relief features of the ocean floor include various formations like...

  10. 12.2.2.1
    Mid-Oceanic Ridges

    Mid-oceanic ridges are underwater mountain ranges that play a critical role...

  11. 12.2.2.2

    Seamounts are underwater mountains originating from volcanic activity,...

  12. 12.2.2.3
    Submarine Canyons

    Submarine canyons are deep valleys on the ocean floor that play a critical...

  13. 12.2.2.4

    Guyots are flat-topped seamounts that have subsided over time and are found...

  14. 12.2.2.5

    Atolls are low islands formed from coral reefs that encircle a central lagoon.

  15. 12.3
    Temperature Of Ocean Waters

    This section discusses the variations in temperature of ocean waters,...

  16. 12.3.1
    Factors Affecting Temperature Distribution

    This section explores the various factors influencing the temperature...

  17. 12.3.2
    Horizontal And Vertical Distribution Of Temperature

    This section explores the distribution of temperature in ocean waters,...

  18. 12.4
    Salinity Of Ocean Waters

    The salinity of ocean waters is defined by the concentration of dissolved...

  19. 12.4.1
    Horizontal Distribution Of Salinity

    This section discusses the horizontal distribution of salinity in ocean...

  20. 12.4.2
    Vertical Distribution Of Salinity

    Salinity in the ocean varies with depth, influenced by factors like...

  21. 1.5

    This section contains exercises to reinforce understanding of water-related...

What we have learnt

  • Water is essential for life and is unevenly distributed across the planet.
  • The hydrological cycle involves various processes that continually redistribute water.
  • Ocean floors exhibit diverse topography including ridges, trenches, and canyons, influenced by geological processes.

Key Concepts

-- Hydrological Cycle
A continuous cycle describing the movement of water in different states, including evaporation, condensation, and precipitation.
-- Continental Shelf
The extended margin of a continent, characterized by shallow seas, typically ending at the shelf break.
-- Thermocline
A transitional layer in the ocean where temperature decreases rapidly with increasing depth.
-- Salinity
The total content of dissolved salts in seawater, expressed in parts per thousand (ppt).

Additional Learning Materials

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