3. UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS
The chapter explores the concept and roles of various social institutions in society, particularly focusing on family, marriage, kinship, politics, economics, religion, and education. It examines how these institutions influence individual behavior and societal norms, drawing from sociological perspectives such as functionalism and conflict theory. The interconnectedness of these institutions and their evolving nature in response to broader socio-economic changes are also emphasized.
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What we have learnt
- Social institutions impose constraints and provide opportunities for individuals.
- Different perspectives in sociology, such as functionalism and conflict theory, offer varied understandings of social institutions.
- Family structures and marriage customs can vary greatly across cultures and time, influenced by economics and social norms.
- Political and economic institutions play significant roles in shaping social relationships and identities.
- Religion influences societal norms and interacts closely with other social institutions.
Key Concepts
- -- Social Institutions
- Structures that govern the behavior and expectations of individuals within society, such as family, education, politics, and religion.
- -- Functionalism
- A sociological perspective that views social institutions as necessary components that fulfill essential functions in society.
- -- Conflict Theory
- A perspective that sees social institutions as serving the interests of dominant groups, perpetuating inequality and power disparities.
- -- Endogamy and Exogamy
- Endogamy refers to marrying within a specific group, while exogamy involves marrying outside one's group.
- -- Sovereignty
- The ultimate authority of a state to govern itself without external interference.
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