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Merge sort is an efficient sorting algorithm that uses a divide-and-conquer approach by recursively splitting arrays into halves, sorting each half, and then merging the sorted halves. This method significantly reduces the time complexity compared to simpler algorithms like selection sort and insertion sort, making it suitable for larger arrays. The merging step is crucial as it combines the two sorted halves into a fully sorted array.
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Term: Divide and Conquer
Definition: An algorithmic paradigm that solves a problem by breaking it down into smaller sub-problems, solves each sub-problem independently, and combines their solutions.
Term: Merge Function
Definition: The process of combining two sorted arrays into a single sorted array, which is essential for the merge sort algorithm.
Term: Recursive Algorithm
Definition: An algorithm that calls itself with a subset of the original problem to solve smaller instances until reaching a base case.