And also, this is a kind of partial upgrade with reclaimed materials they have the developed with the kind of whatever, they have able to procure from the past site or with their feasibilities, they have made some modifications to their shelters. And within a month 53% of the house owners have started to upgrade their shelters and this is very quick, within a month if this kind of change is 53%.

The priorities were first doors, second walls and the third is windows, so the ventilation aspect. And some beneficiaries bought their own timber for walls, doors and windows as we have seen in this complete set is in a timber.

Others sold a plastic sheeting and hired the local artisans to build adobe walls. They have given it back and they sold it in the market and they could able to get some money and they could able to put some more money and built the adobe walls and so this whole process you know, it’s all showing up an incremental process depending on each household what kind of economic feasibility they had, what kind of infill they are responding to their needs and demands.

And some paid for the labour in kind using the tools they were given in the shelter kit and some sold their tools once shelters were complete to buy household furnishings.

So, with this, the government have understood that yes there is a possibility that to scale up this process. So now what they did was they developed from 18 square meters to 20 square meters and the permanent walls of adobe and timber and they launched the project build about 40,000 low cost houses.

But when you talk about the theoretical understanding of it, you know as I said you in the beginning transition shelter is not a noun, it is a verb, it is a process. So, as Christopher Alexander describes a house is an activity which is ‘created gradually, as a direct result of living which is happening in it and around it’ by people who spend only what they can afford.

When you start living in it, you realize that you know, what you need and accordingly people start amending that, not only within the house, around the house.

John F.C. Turner on his work in Mexico, housing by people. So, that is where he talks about the use value derived from this approach was more significant than the market value, as what housing does for the user is more important than what it is.

John Habraken supports on 3 levels of decision making; one is the tissue and the support which is the base building. The tissue refers to the urban fabric and the support refers to the base building and the fitout refers to the infill, what the people have done in their houses.

And similarly, buildings are also essentially made of 6 time-bound layers. This is space time phenomenon which Ian Bentley also talks about it. One is a site, which generally does not change...

Similarly, Ian Bentley also talks about how different layers of the space time the underlying topography, the natural system and the public linkage system and the plots and the buildings and the components which changes at different time aspects.

Once a kit is developed, if a standard structure is acceptable in an owner-driven process and this kind of intervention is upgradeable temporary shelter than budgeting, procurement and distribution of standardized kits is a relatively small, simple operation.

And we have to understand when we are dealing with this kind of poor communities, one has to look at the livelihoods framework, it is not just only a shelter and this is where, the defeats ASAL framework to sustainable livelihood framework is very apt...

The enabling approach, how we can enable this process and one is the finance you know because this is one the enabling approach recognizes the bottleneck to housing created limited access to finance...

Also, the materials and labour because materials have a major cost implications and also inappropriate building regulations can inhabit the production of housing. So, the legal frameworks...