And also, this is a kind of partial upgrade with reclaimed materials they have the developed with the kind of whatever, they have able to procure from the past site or with their feasibilities, they have made some modifications to their shelters. And within a month 53% of the house owners have started to upgrade their shelters and this is very quick, within a month if this kind of change is 53%.

The priorities were first doors, second walls and the third is windows, so the ventilation aspect. And some beneficiaries bought their own timber for walls, doors and windows as we have seen in this complete set is in a timber. For the outset and used the plastic sheeting provided to line of the walls, so they covered with a kind of partial covering with a plastic sheet.

Others sold a plastic sheeting and hired the local artisans to build adobe walls. So, they have given it back and they sold it in the market and they could able to get some money and they could able to put some more money and built the adobe walls and so this whole process you know, it’s all showing up an incremental process depending on each household what kind of economic feasibility they had, what kind of infill they are responding to their needs and demands.

So, with this, the government have understood that yes there is a possibility that to scale up this process. So, now what they did was they developed from 18 square meters to 20 square meters and the permanent walls of adobe and timber and they launched the project build about 40,000 low cost houses.

But when you talk about the theoretical understanding of it, you know as I said you in the beginning transition shelter is not a noun, it is a verb, it is a process. So, as Christopher Alexander describes a house is an activity which is ‘created gradually, as a direct result of living which is happening in it and around it’ by people who spend only what they can afford.

When you start living in it, you realize that you know, what you need and accordingly people start amending that, not only within the house, around the house. And this is the similar observations made from John F.C. Turner on his work in Mexico, housing by people.

Similarly, John Habraken supports on 3 levels of decision making; one is the tissue and the support which is the base building. The tissue refers to the urban fabric and the support refers to the base building and the fitout refers to the infill, what the people have done in their houses and the tissue tends to remain the same because it’s a larger content and the supports will change with time and infill will change more regularly.

So, this keeps changing very frequently and the system of subdivision allows users to interface with a level that is relevant to them. So, how each community response to these different 3 categories? The consumer or households they act on infill level, the housing corporation or a development agency on a support level or the municipality works on a tissue level.

Similarly, buildings are also essentially made of 6 time bound layers. This is space time phenomenon which Ian Bentley also talks about it. One is a site, which generally does not change, although a few buildings are transportable. The structure, the foundations and load bearing element are expensive to change because in the structure, once if you setup the foundation, it is very difficult to change.

Once a kit is developed, if a standard structure is acceptable in an owner-driven process and this kind of intervention is upgradeable temporary shelter than budgeting, procurement and distribution of standardized kits is a relatively small, simple operation.

So, this is very important when we are looking at the transitional shelter and as well as when they are actually looking at the owner-driven process, you need to understand the whole resources and their vulnerability context itself.

The enabling approach recognizes the bottleneck to housing created limited access to finance. So, we talked about the cash flows, we talked about how at a stage wise, how we can deliver the financial disbursement.

Also, the materials and labour because materials have a major cost implications and also inappropriate building regulations can inhabit the production of housing. So, the legal frameworks, that is where we talk about the governments can play a key role in supporting the creation of enabling environments for housing provision through reviewing legal and regulatory framework.